Supplementation of Protein at Breakfast Rather Than at Dinner and Lunch Is Effective on Skeletal Muscle Mass in Older Adults.

The effects of different intake patterns of meal protein on muscle mass have not been clarified. We cross-sectionally and longitudinally examined the effect of different timing of protein intake on sarcopenia-related factors in older adults. This cross-sectional study 1 included 219 (male, = 69, female, = 150) elderly subjects aged ≥65 years.

Effect of the Intake of a Snack Containing Dietary Fiber on Postprandial Glucose Levels.

To examine the effects of the intake of a snack containing dietary fiber under free-living conditions on postprandial glucose levels in older adults, nine healthy older adults aged 76.9 ± 1.6 years (mean ± standard error) completed two crossover trials: 1) regular snack (BISCUIT) intake and 2) intake of snacks with a high dietary fiber content (DF-BISCUIT).

Consumption of Biscuits with a Beverage of Mulberry or Barley Leaves in the Afternoon Prevents Dinner-Induced High, but Not Low, Increases in Blood Glucose among Young Adults.

We examined the impact of consuming biscuits with a beverage of powdered mulberry or barley leaves in the afternoon on postprandial glucose levels at dinnertime among young adults. A total of 18 young adults participated in a partially double-blinded, randomized crossover trial over 2 weeks, consuming either: (1) no biscuits; (2) a biscuit; (3) a biscuit with a beverage of powdered mulberry leaves; or (4) a biscuit with a beverage of powdered barley leaves, as an afternoon snack followed by a standardized test dinner. Glucose levels were recorded after each meal.

A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled crossover trial on the effect of l-ornithine ingestion on the human circadian clock.

In mammals, daily physiological events are regulated by the circadian rhythm, which comprises two types of internal clocks: the central clock and peripheral clocks. Circadian rhythm plays an important role in maintaining physiological functions including the sleep-wake cycle, body temperature, metabolism and organ functions. Circadian rhythm disorder, which is caused, for example, by an irregular lifestyle or long-haul travel, increases the risk of developing disease; therefore, it is important to properly maintain the rhythm of the circadian clock.