Exploring vision transformers for classifying early Barrett's dysplasia in endoscopic images: A pilot study on white-light and narrow-band imaging.

Background And Aim: Various deep learning models, based on convolutional neural network (CNN), have been shown to improve the detection of early esophageal neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Vision transformer (ViT), derived from natural language processing, has emerged as the new state-of-the-art for image recognition, outperforming predecessors such as CNN. This pilot study explores the use of ViT to classify the presence or absence of early esophageal neoplasia in endoscopic images of Barrett's esophagus.

Risk of bleeding after abdominal paracentesis in patients with chronic liver disease and coagulopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abdominal paracentesis is a common procedure performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in patients with chronic liver disease and ascites. This review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence on the risk of bleeding associated with abdominal paracentesis. Electronic search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Ovid EMBASE from inception to 29 October 2023.

Differential Inhibition of Anaplerotic Pyruvate Carboxylation and Glutaminolysis-Fueled Anabolism Underlies Distinct Toxicity of Selenium Agents in Human Lung Cancer.

Past chemopreventive human trials on dietary selenium supplements produced controversial outcomes. They largely employed selenomethionine (SeM)-based diets. SeM was less toxic than selenite or methylseleninic acid (MSeA) to lung cancer cells.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Detect Early Neoplasia in Barrett's Esophagus: A Non-comparative Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Aims: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly evolving in gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the performance of AI at detecting early Barrett's neoplasia.

Methods: We searched Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of controlled trials database from inception to the 28th Jan 2022 to identify studies on the detection of early Barrett's neoplasia using AI.

Regular Aspirin Use Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in Chronic Liver Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Purpose: Aspirin reduces the incidence of various gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of regular aspirin use on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic liver disease.

Methods: Electronic reference databases were searched for studies in patients with chronic liver disease exposed to aspirin.

Nivolumab-induced myocarditis complicated by complete atrioventricular block in a patient with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

We report a case of a 74-year-old man who developed myocarditis complicated by atrioventricular (AV) block following two doses of nivolumab for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. A diagnosis of drug-induced acute myocarditis with complete AV block was considered on the basis of elevated troponin, new onset left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, absence of acute myocardial infarction and some findings suggestive of myocarditis on cardiac magnetic resonance. The patient was commenced on glucocorticoids, perindopril and carvedilol.

Alkalis and Skin.

The aim of this editorial is to provide an overview of the chemical interactions occurring in the skin of our patients on contact with alkaline agents. Strongly basic alkali is highly aggressive and will readily hydrolyze (or cleave) key biological molecules such as lipids and proteins. This phenomenon is known as saponification in the case of lipids and liquefactive denaturation for peptides and proteins.