The Influence of Users' Spatial Familiarity on Their Emotional Perception of Space and Wayfinding Movement Patterns.

In order to evaluate the sensory perceptions of users who visited a train station, this study aimed to conduct an evaluation of their spatial emotions and identify the distance and type of transfer. For evaluation and verification, emotional recognition and wayfinding types were analyzed according to types in the groups (gender, age, and spatial familiarity) of experimental participants. There were two research questions: "Will the length of movement patterns in the experiment environment vary depending on the types of the participant group?" and "Is there any moderating effect in the interaction between spatial familiarity and the types of the participant groups?" A total of 28 participants were recruited with consideration of gender, age, and familiarity with spatial experience, which were used to analyze the participant groups.

Descriptions of two new species of Brachyzapus Gauld amp; Dubois (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) from South Korea with key to a Palaearctic species.

Two new species of the genus Brachyzapus Gauld Dubois are described from South Korea: Brachyzapus convergens sp. nov. and B.

The webspinning sawfly genus Neurotoma (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) of South Korea: Neurotoma silla sp. nov. and a key to species.

Neurotoma silla sp. nov. is described and illustrated from South Korea.

A new species of Monoblastus Hartig, 1837 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Tryphoninae) from South Korea.

A new ichneumonid species, Monoblastus koreensis sp. nov. is described from South Korea.

Four new species of the genus Förster, 1869 from South Korea (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae).

Four new species of the genus Förster, 1869 are discovered from South Korea: Reshchikov & Lee, , Reshchikov & Lee, , Reshchikov & Lee, , and Reshchikov & Lee, This is the first record of the genus from South Korea.

New species of Rhorus Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ctenopelmatinae) from South Korea.

A new ichneumonid-species Rhorus koreensis sp. nov. is described from South Korea.

A taxonomic review of the genus Dolichomitus Smith (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) from South Korea with descriptions of two new species.

Nineteen species of the genus Dolichomitus Smith (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) are recognized from South Korea, including 15 newly recorded species as well as two species new to science, Dolichomitus koreanus sp. nov., and D.

A review of the genera Gnathochorisis Förster and Symplecis Förster of South Korea, with notes on Korean orthocentrines (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Orthocentrinae).

Two genera of Korean Orthocentrinae, Gnathochorisis and Symplecis, are reviewed, and keys to species of these genera are provided here. Two new species, Gnathochorisis fuscipes Humala & Lee, sp. n.

How Clean Are Hotel Rooms? Part II: Examining the Concept of Cleanliness Standards.

Hotel room cleanliness is based on observation and not on microbial assessment even though recent reports suggest that infections may be acquired while staying in hotel rooms. Exploratory research in the first part of the authors' study was conducted to determine if contamination of hotel rooms occurs and whether visual assessments are accurate indicators of hotel room cleanliness. Data suggested the presence of microbial contamination that was not reflective of visual assessments.

How Clean Are Hotel Rooms? Part I: Visual Observations vs. Microbiological Contamination.

Current evidence of hotel room cleanliness is based on observation rather than empirically based microbial assessment. The purpose of the study described here was to determine if observation provides an accurate indicator of cleanliness. Results demonstrated that visual assessment did not accurately predict microbial contamination.

Two new species of Leptobatopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Banchinae) from South Korea and gynandromorphy in L. nigricapitis.

Four species of Leptobatopsis Ashmead are recorded for the first time from South Korea. Among them, L. koreana sp.

A new species of the genus Seticornuta Morley (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Metopiinae) from South Korea.

Old World species of the genus Seticornuta Morley are reviewed. Seven species of this genus were recorded worldwide, but only one species, Seticornutaalbopilosa (Cameron), was known from the Old World. Here, we report one new species, Seticornutakoreana sp.

A new Orussus species from South Korea, and a key to the East Asian Orussidae (Hymenoptera).

Orussus melanosoma Lee & Wei, sp. nov. from South Korea is described and illustrated.

Addition to the study of the genus Dusona (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae) in Korea with description of a new species and key to the Korean species.

Korean species of the genus Dusona Cameron (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae) are reviewed. Twenty seven species of Dusona are reported from South Korea, including 12 previously unrecorded species, D. bellipes (Holmgren, 1872), D.

Three new species of the genus Cymodusa Holmgren (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae) from Korea.

Korean species of the genus Cymodusa Holmgren (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae) are reviewed. Four species of Cymodusa (Cymodusa) are reported from Korea, including one newly recorded species, Cymodusa aenigma Dbar (1985), and three new species, Cymodusa koreana sp. n.

Persistence of Salmonella and E. coli on the surface of restaurant menus.

To the authors' knowledge, the role of restaurant menus as a vehicle for pathogens has not been explored. Menus, however, can pose as a vector for bacterial contamination and transfer. Sampling menus from two restaurants in the Houston, Texas, area showed the presence of up to 100 CFU/cm2 aerobic bacteria.