Cisplatin-incorporated nanoparticles of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-glutamic acid) copolymer.

We fabricated cisplatin-incorporated nanoparticles using block copolymer composed of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) and poly(L-glutamic acid) (PGA) (abbreviated as GE). For synthesis of block copolymer, MPEG was directly conjugated to the terminal amine of PGA. Cisplatin-incorporated nanoparticles was prepared by ion complex formation of cisplatin and PGA domain of block copolymer.

5-aminolevulinic acid-incorporated poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofiber-coated metal stent for application in photodynamic therapy.

Background: The study investigated the use of combined photodynamic therapy (PDT) and stent placement for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma (CC). For this purpose, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofiber, and coated onto metal stents. Their efficacy was assessed in PDT towards HuCC-T1 CC cells.

Effect of surfactant on 5-aminolevulinic acid uptake and PpIX generation in human cholangiocarcinoma cell.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a palliative therapy and has been used to cure cholangiocarcinoma (CC), which has a poor prognosis and limited available curative therapy. PDT was shown to improve the median survival time of advanced-stage patients. Recently, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been used as a pro-photosensitizer, which can be transferred to intercellular protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which is a strong photosensitizer, via the heme pathway.

Self-assembled nanoparticles of hyaluronic acid/poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) block copolymer.

We synthesized block copolymer composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) (HAbLG) for antitumor targeting. (1)H NMR was employed to confirm synthesis of block copolymer. At (1)H NMR study, HabLG nanoparticles showed HA intrinsic peaks only at D(2)O, indicating that they contained HA as a hydrophilic outer-shell and PLGA as a inner-core.

Doxorubicin-incorporated polymeric micelles composed of dextran-b-poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) copolymer.

Background: Polymeric micelles using amphiphilic macromolecules are promising vehicles for antitumor targeting. In this study, we prepared anticancer agent-incorporated polymeric micelles using novel block copolymer.

Methods: We synthesized a block copolymer composed of dextran and poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (DexbLG) for antitumor drug delivery.

Effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy via reactive oxygen species in human cholangiocarcinoma cells.

Cancer cells have been reported to exhibit an enhanced capacity for protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) synthesis facilitated by the administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). We investigated the effect of ALA-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) on human cholangiocarcinoma cells (HuCC-T1). Since protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), a metabolite of ALA, can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under irradiation and then induce phototoxicity, ALA-based PDT is a promising candidate for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.

Prevention of covered enteral stent migration in patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction: a pilot study of anchoring with endoscopic clips.

Objective: Placement of a self-expandable metal stent is a palliative treatment of choice for patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). Although covering an enteral stent with a membrane almost solves the problem of tumor ingrowth, stent migration continues to be a major unresolved problem. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of endoscopic clipping for prevention of covered stent migration in the treatment of malignant GOO.

Overexpression of APP stimulates basal and constitutive exocytosis in PC12 cells.

The mechanisms that underlie the altered neurotransmitter system in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are not well understood. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a precursor protein for beta-amyloid, an important trigger protein in the pathogenesis of AD. Duplication of the APP gene as well as APP genes that contain certain mutations has been reported to be associated with familial AD (FAD), and a role of APP in neurotransmission has been suggested recently.

DYRK1A-mediated hyperphosphorylation of Tau. A functional link between Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease.

Most individuals with Down syndrome show early onset of Alzheimer disease (AD), resulting from the extra copy of chromosome 21. Located on this chromosome is a gene that encodes the dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A). One of the pathological hallmarks in AD is the presence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which are insoluble deposits that consist of abnormally hyperphosphorylated Tau.