6-Shogaol, a neuro-nutraceutical derived from ginger, alleviates motor symptoms and depression-like behaviors and modulates the release of monoamine neurotransmitters in Parkinson's disease mice.

Purpose: Parkinson's disease (PD) disrupts the regulation of neurotransmitters in the brain, causing patients to experience not only motor symptoms but also non-motor symptoms such as depression. 6-shogaol (6S) is a potential neuro-nutraceutical derived from ginger, and is known to ameliorate motor symptoms by suppressing inflammation in PD mice. In this study, we investigated whether 6S can attenuate motor symptoms and depression-like behaviors through neurotransmitter regulation and to elucidate which neurotransmitters are intimately correlated with these effects.

Proteomic profiling of plasma extracellular vesicles identifies signatures of innate immunity, coagulation, and endothelial activation in septic patients.

Plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived lipid particles and reportedly play a role in sepsis pathogenesis. This study aimed to identify EV cargo proteins in septic patients and explore their association with key sepsis pathophysiology. Plasma EVs were subjected to Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic analysis.

Neuromorphic devices for electronic skin applications.

Neuromorphic devices represent an important advancement in technology, drawing inspiration from the intricate and efficient mechanisms of the human brain. This review paper elucidates the diverse landscape of neuromorphic electronic skin (e-skin) technologies while highlighting their numerous applications. Here, neuromorphic devices for e-skin are classified as two types of direct neuromorphic e-skins combining both neuromorphic devices and sensors, and indirect e-skins separating neuromorphic devices and sensors.

Approaching 24% Efficiency in Four-Terminal Perovskite/CZTSSe Tandem Solar Cells Using Diphenylammonium Chloride Additive-Based Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Absorber.

In the quest for high-efficiency photovoltaics, tandem solar cells combining perovskite and CZTSSe (copper zinc tin sulfide selenide) hold significant promise. This study explores the integration of diphenylammonium chloride (DPACl) as an additive within a wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskite layer to enhance the performance of a four-terminal (4-T) hybrid tandem solar cells (HTSCs) device. The DPACl additive has been systematically optimized and utilized for WBG perovskite solar cells (PSCs).

Non-Inferiority Analysis of Electrocardiography Analysis Application vs. Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Screening Left Ventricular Dysfunction.

Purpose: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is widely used for heart function evaluation in emergency departments (EDs), but requires specific equipment and skilled operators. This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of a mobile application for estimating left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40%] using electrocardiography (ECG) and tests its non-inferiority to POCUS.

Materials And Methods: Patients (aged ≥20 years) were included if they had both a POCUS-based EF evaluation and an ECG within 24 hours of their ED visit between January and May 2022, along with formal echocardiography within 2 weeks before or after the visit.

A capless hairpin-protected mRNA vaccine encoding the full-length Influenza A hemagglutinin protects mice against a lethal Influenza A infection.

The success of mRNA vaccines in controlling the COVID 19 pandemic has confirmed the efficacy of synthetically synthesized mRNA in humans and has also provided a blueprint on how to design them in terms of molecular structure and cost. We describe a mRNA vector that, unlike linear mRNAs used in current vaccines/therapeutics, does not require a 5' cap to function. The described mRNA vector initiates translation from an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) and contains specially designed self-folding secondary structures (hairpins) to protect the 5' end against degradation, dramatically improving its stability.

Enhancing Military Performance and Stress Management Through Mindfulness Training: The Role of Fronto-Limbic Network and Sequential Mediation Analysis.

Mindfulness training (MT) has been shown to be effective at managing emotions and stress. However, the underlying neural mechanism of MT is yet unclear and attempts to explore the effects of MT on both psychological factors and performance outcomes remain unexplored. Physiological questionnaire, performance measures, and EEG-based Functional connectivity (FC) in the fronto-limbic network were analyzed in both the MT (N = 39) and control (N = 43) groups.

Zn(ii)-driven impact of monomeric transthyretin on amyloid-β amyloidogenesis.

Extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain plays a significant role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the co-localization and interaction of proteins and metal ions with Aβ in extracellular milieu are established, their precise pathological associations remain unclear. Here we report the impact of Zn(ii) on the anti-amyloidogenic properties of monomeric transthyretin (M-TTR), which coexists spatially with Aβ and Zn(ii) in extracellular fluids.

Music's ability to foster prosocial behavior: a teleofunctionalist perspective.

Drawing on recent interdisciplinary music research-biologically or developmental psychologically oriented-which conceptualizes music as a communicative toolkit primarily serving affiliative communicative interaction, this paper investigates the question of whether and to what extent music is capable of fostering prosocial behavior within the framework of teleofunctionalism-a philosophical theory of mind. A teleofunctionalist perspective allows us to specify this question as follows: To what extent might a function of establishing affiliative socio-interactional relationships be considered a proper function of music, a concept suggested by philosopher Ruth Millikan? From an ontogenetic perspective, musical activities are considered to be rooted in protoconversational communication in early infancy, characterized as interpersonal coordination without involving propositional understanding. These activities develop into coordinated, non-representational forms of vitality, involving basic empathy, shared intentionality, and forms of understanding allowing for shared experiences.

Critical factors in enhancing the correction efficacy for varus talar tilt in patients with varus ankle osteoarthritis: relative fibular shortening to the tibia and syndesmotic widening.

Introduction: Relative fibular shortening compared to the tibia and syndesmotic widening are recognized contributors to the valgus tilt of the talus. This study aimed to assess: (1) the impact of fibular shortening relative to the tibia; and (2) the influence of syndesmotic widening, in correcting a large varus talar tilt (TT) associated with advanced ankle osteoarthritis through medial opening wedge valgization supramalleolar osteotomy (SMO).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinico-radiographic findings of 41 patients with a preoperative TT of 8 degrees or more who underwent SMO for varus ankle osteoarthritis, with a minimum follow-up of more than two years.

Gynecologic oncology in 2024: breakthrough trials and evolving treatment strategies for cervical, uterine corpus, and ovarian cancers.

This review summarized the results of clinical trials in 2024 that were believed to have a significant impact on clinical practice in the field of gynecologic oncology. The SHAPE trial, INTERLACE and KEYNOTE-A18 trials, and BEATcc and COMPASSION-16 trials were included in early-stage, locally advanced, and recurrent/metastatic cervical cancer, respectively. For uterine corpus cancer, updated survival data of the four trials (NRG-GY018, RUBY, AtTEnd, DUO-E) for endometrial cancer and the first survival data of LMS-04 trial for leiomyosarcoma were described.

Memory Decline and Aberration of Synaptic Proteins in X-Linked Moesin Knockout Male Mice.

Objective: This study aims to investigate may moesin deficiency resulted in neurodevelopmental abnormalities caused by negative impact on synaptic signaling ultimately leading to synaptic structure and plasticity.

Methods: Behavioral assessments measured neurodevelopment (surface righting, negative geotaxis, cliff avoidance), anxiety (open field test, elevated plus maze test), and memory (passive avoidance test, Y-maze test) in moesin-knockout mice (KO) compared to wild-type mice (WT). Whole exome sequencing (WES) of brain (KO vs.

Fluorofurimazine, a novel NanoLuc substrate, enhances real-time tracking of influenza A virus infection without altering pathogenicity in mice.

Unlabelled: Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) using engineered bioluminescent viruses has emerged as a powerful tool for real-time, noninvasive monitoring of viral replication in living animals. While traditional luciferase-based systems, such as firefly luciferase, have been widely used, the NanoLuc luciferase system offers distinct advantages, including its significantly smaller gene size, increased brightness, and independence from ATP as a cofactor, allowing for extracellular detection. However, the utility of NanoLuc has been limited by its traditional substrate, furimazine, which exhibits poor water solubility and potential cytotoxicity.

Prediction of main pancreatic duct involvement in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms on magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: To evaluate the measurement of main pancreatic duct (MPD) diameter on MRI for predicting MPD involvement in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN).

Methods: This retrospective study included 595 patients with surgically confirmed IPMN who underwent preoperative MRI from 2015 to 2022. Three independent readers measured the maximum MPD diameter on two-dimensional axial and coronal T2-weighted imaging.

Simultaneous Quantification of Biogenic Amines and their Metabolites in Mice Tissue by Combining Ultraviolet and Integrated Pulsed Amperometric Detectors.

We developed a reversed-phased high-performance liquid chromatographic method combining ultraviolet detection and integrated pulsed amperometric detection for the simultaneous quantification of dopamine, 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, homovanillic acid, serotonin, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, norepinephrine and epinephrine. All target components were completely separated in a C18 column with isocratic elution of 5% acetonitrile solution containing 8 mM HClO4 and 0.20 mM 1-octanesulfonic acid as an ion pairing reagent.

Mesoporous Boron-Doped Carbon with Curved BC Active Sites for Highly Efficient HO Electrosynthesis in Neutral Media and Air-Supplied Environments.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) electrosynthesis via the 2e oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is considered as a cost-effective and safe alternative to the energy-intensive anthraquinone process. However, in more practical environments, namely, the use of neutral media and air-fed cathode environments, slow ORR kinetics and insufficient oxygen supply pose significant challenges to efficient HO production at high current densities. In this work, mesoporous B-doped carbons with novel curved BC active sites, synthesized via a carbon dioxide (CO) reduction using a pore-former agent, to simultaneously achieve excellent 2e ORR activity and improved mass transfer properties are introduced.

Investigating the effect of mindfulness training for stress management in military training: the relationship between the autonomic nervous system and emotional regulation.

Background: Military personnel face an increased risk of developing mental disorders owing to the stressful environments they encounter. Effective stress management strategies are crucial to mitigate this risk. Mindfulness training (MT) is promising as a stress management approach in such demanding settings.

Impact of Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Colonization on Clinical Characteristics, Antibiotic Treatment, and Clinical Outcomes of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia.

Purpose: To determine effects of colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) in general wards on characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP).

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with HAP admitted to 16 tertiary or university hospitals in Korea from July 2019 to December 2019. From the entire cohort, patients who developed pneumonia in general wards with known colonization status before the onset of pneumonia were included in this study.

Beyond the icebox: modern strategies in organ preservation for transplantation.

Organ transplantation, a critical treatment for end-stage organ failure, has witnessed significant advancements due to the integration of improved surgical techniques, immunosuppressive therapies, and donor-recipient matching. This review explores the progress of organ preservation, focusing on the shift from static cold storage (SCS) to advanced machine perfusion techniques such as hypothermic (HMP) and normothermic machine perfusion (NMP). Although SCS has been the standard approach, its limitations in preserving marginal organs and preventing ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) have led to the adoption of HMP and NMP.

Tribuli Fructus alleviates 1-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease by suppressing neuroinflammation via JNK signaling.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. In particular, neuroinflammation associated with phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is likely to cause the death of dopaminergic neurons. Therefore, protecting dopaminergic neurons through anti-neuroinflammation is a promising therapeutic strategy for PD.

Probiotics as Potential Treatments for Neurodegenerative Diseases: a Review of the Evidence from to Clinical Trial.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), characterized by the progressive deterioration of the structure and function of the nervous system, represent a significant global health challenge. Emerging research suggests that the gut microbiota plays a critical role in regulating neurodegeneration via modulation of the gut-brain axis. Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host, have garnered significant attention owing to their therapeutic potential in NDDs.

Concurrent Versus Sequential Adjuvant Capecitabine-Based Chemoradiation in Residual Triple-Negative Breast Cancer After Neoadjuvant-Chemotherapy: A Multicenter Comparative Study.

Purpose: Given the aggressive nature and poor prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), adjuvant capecitabine has been the standard therapy for residual disease after preoperative systemic therapy (PST). However, the optimal sequence of postoperative radiation therapy (RT) and capecitabine remains unclear. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of concurrent RT and capecitabine (RT+CAP) versus sequential RT followed by capecitabine (RT→CAP) in patients with residual TNBC after PST.

Effects of antioxidants on skin hydration, inflammatory cytokines, and keratinocyte differentiation markers in a PM-exposed skin barrier-disrupted mouse model.

Given that particulate matter (PM) has an established role in inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and skin aging, it is plausible that PM could exacerbate inflammatory skin conditions such as xerosis. Xerosis represents a significant dermatological concern among older adults within aging populations. We conducted an investigation into the efficacy of antioxidants, such as dieckol, punicalagin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and resveratrol, against PM in a skin barrier-disrupted mouse model.

MRI-guided brachytherapy for cervical cancer treatment: The significance of bladder morphology in dose distribution planning.

Purpose: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the influence of bladder filling type (BFT) on the relationship between bladder volume (BV) and maximum absorbed dose (D) in intra-cavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) for cervical cancer.

Material And Methods: The study enrolled 269 patients who underwent 3D-optimized ICBT guided by MRI scans between 2016 and 2022. Bladder shape (categorized as tilted, curved, or E) was determined based on specific applicators used.