Chitosan-coated PLGA microemulsion loaded with tannic acid against Escherichia coli in vitro and in vivo.

The overuse of antibiotics has resulted in a surge of drug-resistant bacteria, making the pursuit of natural antimicrobials an urgent and significant trend. Encapsulation and nanoparticulation are effective ways to enhance the antibacterial properties of natural drugs. In this study, we encapsulated tannic acid (TA) with chitosan (CS) and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) using the emulsion-solvent evaporation method to enhance the antimicrobial effect of TA.

Eugenol Possesses Colitis Protective Effects: Impacts on the TLR4/MyD88/NF-[Formula: see text]B Pathway, Intestinal Epithelial Barrier, and Macrophage Polarization.

Eugenol (EU) has been shown to ameliorate experimental colitis due to its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivities. In this study, DSS-induced acute colitis was established and applied to clarify the regulation efficacy of EU on intestinal barrier impairment and macrophage polarization imbalance along with the inflammatory response. Besides, the adjusting effect of EU on macrophages was further investigated The results confirmed that EU intervention alleviated DSS-induced colitis through methods such as restraining weight loss and colonic shortening and decreasing DAI scores.

A Novel Rat Model to Simulate the Benign Esophageal Stricture Induced by Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection.

Objective: This study aimed to establish a rat model that simulates benign esophageal strictures induced by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).

Materials And Methods: Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into mucosal resection (n = 8) and sham-operated groups (n = 8). The rats in the mucosal resection group underwent a 5-mm three-fourths mucosal resection by way of a 3-mm incision in the distal esophagus under direct visualization via laparotomy.

The synergy of tea tree oil nano-emulsion and antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Aims: We determined the synergistic effects of tea tree essential oil nano-emulsion (nanoTTO) and antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in vitro and in vivo. Then, the underlying mechanism of action of nanoTTO was investigated.

Methods And Results: Minimum inhibitory concentrations and fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) were determined.

Modified Patent Hemostasis Strategy Based on the Platelet Counts for Transradial Access Chemoembolization in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective Single-Center Study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the shortest compression time to achieve hemostasis and the optimal hemostasis strategy in patients treated with transradial access chemoembolization (TRA-TACE).

Methods: From October 2019 to October 2021, 119 consecutive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent 134 sessions of TRA-TACE were included in this prospective single-center study. The compression time was measured by decompressing the device for 30 min, and thereafter, every 10 min after the procedure until complete hemostasis was achieved.

Eugenol alleviates Salmonella Typhimurium-infected cecal injury by modulating cecal flora and tight junctions accompanied by suppressing inflammation.

Background: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) mainly exists in poultry and poultry related products, which are common sources of human salmonellosis. So, ST is an important zoonotic pathogen that threatens public health and safety. Eugenol has been noted for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and it is expected to develop into an antibacterial therapy in vivo.

leaf polysaccharide alleviates experimental colitis by inhibiting inflammation and maintaining intestinal barrier.

The characteristic of ulcerative colitis (UC) is extensive colonic mucosal inflammation. () is a medicine food homology plant, and the polysaccharide from leaves (MOLP) exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study to investigate the potential effect of MOLP on UC in a mouse model as well as the underlying mechanism.

Tea tree oil nanoliposomes: optimization, characterization, and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli in vitro and in vivo.

The purpose of this study was to formulate tee tree oil nanoliposomes (TTONL) and evaluate its characterization and antibacterial activity. TTONL was prepared by thin film hydration and sonication technique, and the preparation conditions were optimized by Box-behnken response surface method. The characterization (morphology, size, zeta potential, and stability) and antibacterial activity of TTONL against Escherichia coli (E.

Bactericidal activity of gallic acid against multi-drug resistance Escherichia coli.

The continuous emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has posed an increasingly serious public health threat which urges people to develop some alternatives. Gallic acid (GA) is a natural ingredient in many traditional Chinese medicines, which has many biological activities, such as antibacterial, and antiseptic. Here, clinical isolates of MDR Escherichia coli (E.

Oral delivery of chitosan-coated PLGA nanoemulsion loaded with artesunate alleviates ulcerative colitis in mice.

Artesunate (ARS) has been shown to have a protective effect on ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. However, its lack of targeting and short half-life severely hamper its efficacy. In this study, polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) and chitosan (CS) double emulsification solvent volatilisation method was used to prepare a stable nanoemulsion loaded with ARS (CPA).

[Effect and mechanism of acupoint injection on influenza A virus induced pneumonia in mice].

Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of acupoint injection with 0.1% vitamin C+vitamin B complex solution (V+VCo) at "Tiantu" (CV 22), "Quchi" (LI 11) and "Zusanli" (ST 36) in mouse model of pneumonia induced by influenza A virus (A/PR/8/34 [H1N1], PR8).

Methods: Sixty male ICR mice were randomized into 6 groups, i.

Comparison of endogenous development, invasion ability and apoptotic features between diclazuril resistant and sensitive strains of Eimeria tenella.

Diclazuril (DIC) is widely used in the poultry industry to control coccidiosis. However, drug resistance makes it less effective, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. One DIC-resistant E.

The protective effect and potential mechanisms of eugenol against Salmonella in vivo and in vitro.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) continues to be a serious concern to the poultry industry as a bacterial foodborne zoonosis, which generally results in intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction or even death. Eugenol is a phenolic compound with various pharmacological activities involved antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects, which is expected to be an effective nonantibiotic therapy.

Eugenol exposure in vitro inhibits the expressions of T3SS and TIF virulence genes in Salmonella Typhimurium and reduces its pathogenicity to chickens.

Background: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a common food-borne pathogen, which has the ability to infect a wide range of hosts. The increasing emergence of drug-resistant strains urgently requires new alternative therapies.

Characterization of tea tree oil nanoemulsion and its acute and subchronic toxicity.

Tea tree oil (TTO) is a popular topical use to treat skin infections. However, its poor aqueous solubility and stability have substantially limited its widespread application, including oral administration that might be therapeutic for enteric infections. In this study, mechanical ultrasonic methods were used to prepare TTO nanoemulsion (nanoTTO) with a mean droplet diameter of 161.

Effects of miR-199a on autophagy by targeting glycogen synthase kinase 3β to activate PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling in an MPP model of Parkinson's disease.

: miR-199a can regulate autophagy, its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of miR-199a involved in regulating autophagy in a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP)-induced model of PD.: PC12 cells were incubated in MPP, and the expression levels of miR-199a were bidirectionally regulated via either transfection of an miR-199a mimic or incubation in miR-199a inhibitors.

[Acupuncture reduce colonic inflammation by suppressing oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats with ulcerative colitis].

Objective: To investigate the effect of manual acupuncture (MA) and electroacupuncture (EA) on histopathological changes, and levels of oxidative-stress related cytokines and key proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway in ulcerative colitis (UC) rats, so as to reveal their mechanisms underlying improvement of UC.

Methods: Twenty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into control, model, EA and MA groups (＝ 7 rats per group). The UC model was established by enema of mixture solution of 5% 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS, 100 mg/kg).

Artesunate ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by protecting intestinal barrier and inhibiting inflammatory response.

There are very few reports on the protective effect of artesunate (ARS) in ulcerative colitis (UC). This study focused on the efficacy of ARS on intestinal barrier, inflammatory response, and potential mechanism in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. The results suggested that ARS treatment markedly alleviated DSS-induced clinical symptoms by relieving body weight loss, the disease activity index (DAI) score, and preventing colonic shortening.

Synergistic Activity of Fluoroquinolones Combining with Artesunate Against Multidrug-Resistant .

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is an increasing public health concern worldwide. Artesunate (ART) has been reported to be significantly effective in enhancing the effectiveness of various β-lactam antibiotics against MDR via inhibiting the efflux pump genes. Apart from β-lactam antibiotics, there is no report regarding the potential synergistic effects of ART combining with fluoroquinolones (FQs).

[Protective effects of artesunate against Con A-induced autoimmune liver injury in mice].

Autoimmune liver disease is a refractory disease clinically, and there is no particularly effective drug at present. Therefore, it is of important clinical value to develop new effective intervention drugs for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune liver disease. In order to investigate the potential protective effect of artesunate (Art) on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced autoimmune liver injury, different doses of Art (27, 54, 108 mg·kg⁻¹) were orally administered to mice for consecutive 7 days, respectively.

Artemisinin and Artemisia annua leaves alleviate Eimeria tenella infection by facilitating apoptosis of host cells and suppressing inflammatory response.

Evasion strategies of intracellular parasites by hijacking cellular pathways, are necessary to ensure successful survival and replication. Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) has the ability to circumvent apoptosis of infected cells through increased expression of the transcriptional factor NF-κB and the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-x during the development of second generation schizonts.

[Effect of Electroacupuncture and Manual Acupuncture on Colonic Inflammatory Injury, Cytokine Levels and Cell Apoptosis in Ulcerative Colitis Rats].

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) and manual acupuncture interventions on colonic inflammatory injury, cytokine level and cell apoptosis in ulcerative colitis (UC)rats, so as to reveal its mechanisms underlying improvement of UC.

Methods: A total of 32 SD rats were randomized into control, model, EA and manual acupuncture groups (8 rats/group). The UC model was established by intrarectally administration of 5% trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS)+ dehydrated alcohol.

Antimalarial agent artesunate protects Concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice by inhibiting inflammatory responses.

The anti-malarial drug artesunate (ARS) has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity. Its effect on autoimmune hepatitis remains unclear. Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatitis was used in this study to reveal the potential action of ARS and the related mechanism.

Inhibitory effect of S-nitroso-glutathione on Eimeria tenella oocysts was mainly limited to the early stages of sporogony.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the action of S-nitroso-glutathione (GSNO) on the sporogony and the mRNA expression for EtCRK2 (a cyclin-dependent kinase related protein-2 in Eimeria tenella) during oocyst sporulation. Meanwhile, the effects of GSNO on the sporozoite excystability and infectivity to chickens were also investigated. The results showed that within 10 h after the initial sporulation, the sporulation process could be interrupted by GSNO treatment, and most of the oocysts failed to continue to sporulate.