Exploring age-related changes in saccades during cognitive tasks in healthy adults.

Introduction: Although eye movements such as saccades are related to internal cognitive processes and are independent of visual processing, few studies have investigated whether non-visual cognitive tasks simultaneously affect horizontal and vertical saccades in younger and older adults.

Methods: We recruited 28 younger adults aged 20-29 years and 26 older adults aged >60 years through advertisements in community settings. All participants were free of major psychiatric, neurological, or ocular diseases.

Chemical modulation of SQSTM1/p62-mediated xenophagy that targets a broad range of pathogenic bacteria.

The N-degron pathway is a proteolytic system in which the N-terminal degrons (N-degrons) of proteins, such as arginine (Nt-Arg), induce the degradation of proteins and subcellular organelles via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) or macroautophagy/autophagy-lysosome system (hereafter autophagy). Here, we developed the chemical mimics of the N-degron Nt-Arg as a pharmaceutical means to induce targeted degradation of intracellular bacteria via autophagy, such as serovar Typhimurium (. Typhimurium), , and as well as (Mtb).

Rg6, a rare ginsenoside, inhibits systemic inflammation through the induction of interleukin-10 and microRNA-146a.

The immunobiological functions of Rg6, a rare ginsenoside from ginseng, have been largely unreported. In this paper, we demonstrate that Rg6 has a significant immunosuppressive function on Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-induced systemic inflammatory responses. Rg6 was found to negatively regulate pro-inflammatory responses and severity in vivo, and thus induced recovery in mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic shock and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis.

SIRT3 promotes antimycobacterial defenses by coordinating mitochondrial and autophagic functions.

SIRT3 (sirtuin 3), a mitochondrial protein deacetylase, maintains respiratory function, but its role in the regulation of innate immune defense is largely unknown. Herein, we show that SIRT3 coordinates mitochondrial function and macroautophagy/autophagy activation to promote anti-mycobacterial responses through PPARA (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha). SIRT3 deficiency enhanced inflammatory responses and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to defective host defense and pathological inflammation during mycobacterial infection.

Rufomycin Targets ClpC1 Proteolysis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. abscessus.

ClpC1 is an emerging new target for the treatment of infections, and several cyclic peptides (ecumicin, cyclomarin A, and lassomycin) are known to act on this target. This study identified another group of peptides, the rufomycins (RUFs), as bactericidal to through the inhibition of ClpC1 and subsequent modulation of protein degradation of intracellular proteins. Rufomycin I (RUFI) was found to be a potent and selective lead compound for both (MIC, 0.

Deep learning based low-cost high-accuracy diagnostic framework for dementia using comprehensive neuropsychological assessment profiles.

Background: The conventional scores of the neuropsychological batteries are not fully optimized for diagnosing dementia despite their variety and abundance of information. To achieve low-cost high-accuracy diagnose performance for dementia using a neuropsychological battery, a novel framework is proposed using the response profiles of 2666 cognitively normal elderly individuals and 435 dementia patients who have participated in the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia (KLOSCAD).

Methods: The key idea of the proposed framework is to propose a cost-effective and precise two-stage classification procedure that employed Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) as a screening test and the KLOSCAD Neuropsychological Assessment Battery as a diagnostic test using deep learning.

Activity of LCB01-0371, a Novel Oxazolidinone, against Mycobacterium abscessus.

is a highly pathogenic drug-resistant rapidly growing mycobacterium. In this study, we evaluated the , intracellular, and activities of LCB01-0371, a novel and safe oxazolidinone derivative, for the treatment of infection and compared its resistance to that of other oxazolidinone drugs. LCB01-0371 was effective against several strains and in a macrophage model of infection.

Ohmyungsamycins promote antimicrobial responses through autophagy activation via AMP-activated protein kinase pathway.

The induction of host cell autophagy by various autophagy inducers contributes to the antimicrobial host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), a major pathogenic strain that causes human tuberculosis. In this study, we present a role for the newly identified cyclic peptides ohmyungsamycins (OMS) A and B in the antimicrobial responses against Mtb infections by activating autophagy in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). OMS robustly activated autophagy, which was essentially required for the colocalization of LC3 autophagosomes with bacterial phagosomes and antimicrobial responses against Mtb in BMDMs.

Ionizing Radiation Induces Innate Immune Responses in Macrophages by Generation of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species.

During radiotherapy for tumors, the innate immune system also responds to ionizing radiation and induces immune modulation. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which radiation modulates innate immune responses. In this study, we observed that radiation triggered the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS), leading to innate immune responses in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM).

Mycobacterium abscessus ESX-3 plays an important role in host inflammatory and pathological responses during infection.

Mycobacterial ESX systems are often related to pathogenesis during infection. However, little is known about the function of ESX systems of Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab). This study focuses on the Mab ESX-3 cluster, which contains major genes such as esxH (Rv0288, low molecular weight protein antigen 7; CFP-7) and esxG (Rv0287, ESAT-6 like protein).

FGF23-Associated Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia in a Patient With Small Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Regulatory Mechanism Study.

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is typically caused by phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT) that secretes the phosphaturic hormone, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), resulting in decreased phosphate reabsorption in kidneys, hypophosphatemia, and finally osteomalacia. Rare cases of malignant tumor manifesting with TIO other than PMT had been reported, although in most of these reports, except one, circulating FGF23 levels were not evaluated and tissue expressing of FGF23 was not confirmed. In this article, we report a case of TIO in a patient with pulmonary small cell carcinoma with liver metastasis.

Is Varicocelectomy Useful for Subfertile Men with Isolated Teratozoospermia?

Objective: To evaluate the effect of microsurgical varicocelectomy on sperm morphology in subfertile men with isolated teratozoospermia and a clinically palpable varicocele.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review was performed of men with isolated teratozoospermia who had undergone microsurgical varicocelectomy. Semen analyses following varicocelectomy were performed at 2- to 3-month intervals.

Placental C4d as a common feature of chromosomally normal and abnormal miscarriages.

Placental C4d deposition is a feature of classical complement pathway activation and has been documented in various obstetrical settings. However, it is unknown whether placental C4d deposition is present in miscarriages and its frequency is different between chromosomally normal and abnormal miscarriages. This study was conducted to assess villous C4d deposition in miscarriages and to determine whether its frequency is different between chromosomally normal and abnormal miscarriages.

A new scoring method of the mini-mental status examination to screen for dementia.

Background: Although the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) is the most widely used screening instrument for dementia, it has several limitations.

Methods: We developed and validated a new scoring method of the MMSE, namely the short form of the MMSE (MMSE-S).

Results: The MMSE-S was more robust to demographic influences than the MMSE.

Success rate of microsurgical multiple testicular sperm extraction and sperm presence in the ejaculate in korean men with y chromosome microdeletions.

Purpose: We assessed the frequency of azoospermia factor a (AZFa), AZFb, and AZFc deletions and examined correlations between the deletion sites and the success rates of sperm presence within the ejaculate and surgical sperm retrieval in Korean men.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1,919 azoospermic and severely oligozoospermic men were assessed for Y chromosome microdeletions. Among them, 168 men with AZF deletions were identified and their medical records were reviewed.

Concordance of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in infertile couples: impact on semen parameters.

Objective: To assess the relationship between mycoplasma infection and human infertility, we determined the concordance of Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and Mycoplasma hominis (MH) detection in infertile and fertile couples, and assessed semen parameters in both groups.

Methods: Fifty infertile couples without a female factor attending a fertility clinic and 48 fertile couples were randomly screened for UU and MH. The concordance between partners was compared between the fertile and infertile groups.

Causes and classification of male infertility in Korea.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the various causes of male infertility using multiple approaches.

Methods: Nine-hundred-twenty infertile male patients were analyzed at their first visit with one physician between January 1 and December 31, 2009. All patients were subjected to physical examination, semen analysis and azoospermic patients underwent hormonal testing, chromosomal tests, and testicular biopsy.

Urologic complications following obstetric and gynecologic surgery.

Purpose: Urologic injuries occur frequently during surgery in the pelvic cavity. Inadequate diagnosis and treatment may lead to severe complications and side effects. This investigation examined the clinical features of urologic complications following obstetric and gynecologic surgery.

Cognitive impairment in age-related macular degeneration and geographic atrophy.

Purpose: To investigate cognitive function in patients with early and late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) compared with an elderly, community-dwelling Korean population without AMD.

Design: Case-control study.

Participants: We enrolled 170 AMD patients and 190 non-AMD community-based controls.

Effects of sleep apnea syndrome on delayed memory and executive function in elderly adults.

Objectives: To identify differences in cognitive function between elderly adults with sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) and healthy controls.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Sleep laboratory at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital.

Impaired frontal executive function and predialytic chronic kidney disease.

Objectives: To investigate the nature of frontal dysfunction associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in people without stroke or depressive disorders.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Community based.

Functional impairment in the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment.

The criterion on functional activity in the revised diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) seems to be conceptually and operationally problematic.We investigated the predictive validity for dementia of this criterion in 140 patients with MCI who participated in the baseline study of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging and completed 18-month follow-up evaluation (mean duration of follow-up, 1.57±0.

One-Year Surgical Outcomes and Quality of Life after Minimally Invasive Sling Procedures for the Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence: TVT SECUR(R) vs. CureMesh(R).

Purpose: We compared the efficacy and safety of two minimally invasive sling procedures used to treat female stress urinary incontinence (SUI), tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) SECUR(R) and CureMesh(R), and assessed the 1-year surgical outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Sixty women with SUI were assigned to undergo either the TVT SECUR (n=38) or CureMesh (n=22) procedures between April 2007 and June 2008. Patients were monitored via outpatient visits at 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year after surgery.