T1rho and T2 mapping of ankle cartilage of female and male ballet dancers.

Background: Since ballet dancers begin their training before skeletal maturity, accurate and non-invasive identification of cartilage diseases is clinically important. Angle-dependent analysis of T1rho and T2 sequences can be useful for quantification of the composition of cartilage.

Purpose: To investigate the angle-dependent T1rho and T2 profiles of ankle cartilage in non-dancers and dancers.

DNA recognition by a σ(54) transcriptional activator from Aquifex aeolicus.

Transcription initiation by bacterial σ(54)-polymerase requires the action of a transcriptional activator protein. Activators bind sequence-specifically upstream of the transcription initiation site via a DNA-binding domain (DBD). The structurally characterized DBDs from activators all belong to the Fis (factor for inversion stimulation) family of helix-turn-helix DNA-binding proteins.

Rib head protrusion into the central canal in type 1 neurofibromatosis.

Background: Intraspinal rib head dislocation is an important but under-recognized consequence of dystrophic scoliosis in patients with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1).

Objective: To present clinical and imaging findings of intraspinal rib head dislocation in NF1.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical presentation, imaging, operative reports and post-operative courses in four NF1 patients with intraspinal rib head dislocation and dystrophic scoliosis.

Advances in spinal fusion.

Since its initial description about a century ago, spinal fusion has become a common surgical intervention in the treatment of various debilitating spinal disorders. However, given the complexities and demands of the procedure, patient selection remains a key component in the success of the operation. In this article, we will review the various indications for spinal fusion, the current advances in fusion techniques, as well as the potential complications associated with the procedure.