Contribution of systemic factors on macular vessel density: a sex-specific population-based study.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of systemic factors on macular vessel density in quantitative Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) by sex.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study.

Methods: A total of 2018 adults were recruited in this study.

Peripheral anterior synechiae after selective laser trabeculoplasty among Chinese patients.

Purpose: Peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) have been reported as a complication after argon laser trabeculoplasty, but rarely reported after selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT). This study aims to determine the incidence and predictors of this potential complication in phakic eyes of Chinese patients.

Methods: A retrospective review of consecutive Chinese phakic patients who underwent SLT for primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension from 2011 to 2015 was analyzed for post-operative outcomes, including the development of PAS.

Evaluation of Adverse Effects of Topical Glaucoma Medications on Trabeculectomy Outcomes Using the Glaucoma Medications Intensity Index.

Introduction: Trabeculectomy is commonly performed for glaucoma when medications are unable to control disease progression or have intolerable adverse effects. Previous studies have suggested that a higher number of and/or longer treatment duration with preoperative topical glaucoma medications are associated with a higher risk of trabeculectomy failure, but most of these studies lack quantification of exposure. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between preoperative exposure to topical glaucoma medications and trabeculectomy outcome, using a new method for quantifying accumulated exposure.

Effect of Vitamin D3 on Regulating Human Tenon's Fibroblasts Activity.

Purpose: To study the in vitro effect of vitamin D3 on the healing response of human Tenon's fibroblasts (HTF) and its possible role in preventing excessive postoperative subconjunctival fibrosis.

Methods: Effect of vitamin D3 on cytotoxicity and cell survival of primary cultured HTF was measured by lactate dehydrogenase and PrestoBlue assays, respectively. Proliferation and migration of vitamin D3-treated HTF (D3-HTF) was determined by CyQUANT proliferation and scratch assay, respectively.

Optic disc and peripapillary vessel density measured with optical coherence tomography angiography and its associations in Chinese adults: a large population-based study.

Purpose: To investigate the optic disc and peripapillary vessel density, as well as its ocular and systemic associations, in healthy eyes among adult Chinese population.

Methods: A population-based cross-sectional eye survey was conducted on Chinese adults residing in Hong Kong. 1891 eyes from 1891 participants who completed 4.

A review on the use of telemedicine in glaucoma and possible roles in COVID-19 outbreak.

We review the use of telemedicine in glaucoma and its possible roles in the COVID-19 outbreak. We performed a literature search of published human studies on teleglaucoma on May 12, 2020, using search terms including "telemedicine" and "glaucoma" that were in English and published over the prior 10 years. This search strategy yielded a total of 14 relevant articles after manual curation.

Association between functional status and ocular surface disease among local elderly population in Hong Kong.

: To evaluate the correlation between ocular surface disease (OSD) and functional status among elderly population over 60 years old in Hong Kong.: Chinese subjects above 60 years old were recruited from the Ophthalmology clinic in Hong Kong West Cluster. Subjects demographic and questionnaires to evaluate the functional status were used to correlate with OSD objectively with clinical examination to assess the meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), corneal staining, Schirmer's test and tear break-up time (TBUT); and subjectively with ocular surface disease index (OSDI).

Aerosolization and Fluid Spillage During Phacoemulsification in Human Subjects.

Background: Concerns had been raised for the potential hazard of SARS-CoV-2 transmissions via aerosols and fluid droplets during cataract surgeries amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to evaluate the rate of visible aerosol generation and fluid spillage from surgical wounds during phacoemulsification in human subjects.

Methods: This is a prospective consecutive interventional case series.

Retrospective analysis of paediatric glaucoma at a tertiary referral centre in Hong Kong.

Purpose: To evaluate the epidemiological features, clinical interventions, and outcomes of paediatric glaucoma in Hong Kong.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Methods: Clinical data from the medical records of all patients under 18 years of age diagnosed with glaucoma from January 2008 to December 2017 at a university-affiliated, tertiary referral centre were collected.

Randomized Control Trial on the Effectiveness of Collagen Cross-linking on Bullous Keratopathy.

Purpose: To investigate the long-term effect and safety of collagen cross-linking (CXL) on patients with bullous keratopathy (BK) in a randomized control manner. It is, to our knowledge, the first randomized control study on the effect of CXL on BK.

Methods: Subjects were randomized to receive CXL as in the standard protocol for treating keratoconus or a placebo treatment.

Ophthalmic clinical skills teaching in the time of COVID-19: A crisis and opportunity.

With this issue we begin print publishing the responses received in our call for Medical Education Adaptations: Lessons learned from educators' experiences rapidly transforming practice on account of COVID‐19 related disruption.

Prevalence and associations of myopia in Hong Kong primary school students.

Purpose: To examine the prevalence of myopia in primary school children in Hong Kong, and the risk factors for myopia development.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study.

Methods: Subjective refraction and axial length were measured in all participants.

Effectiveness and Safety of Long Duration versus Short Duration Diode Laser Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation using either the long duration or short duration protocol.

Methods: Retrospective series of 23 consecutive patients with glaucoma who underwent continuous-wave diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation from August 2016 to July 2018 at a tertiary hospital in Hong Kong. Laser pulse duration for the long and short duration protocols was defined as 3.

Therapeutic Strategies for Attenuation of Retinal Ganglion Cell Injury in Optic Neuropathies: Concepts in Translational Research and Therapeutic Implications.

Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death is the central and irreversible endpoint of optic neuropathies. Current management of optic neuropathies and glaucoma focuses on intraocular pressure-lowering treatment which is insufficient. As such, patients are effectively condemned to irreversible visual impairment.

Factors Associated with Poor Eye Drop Administration Technique and the Role of Patient Education among Hong Kong Elderly Population.

Objectives: To identify the risk factors for poor eye drop application technique in treatment-naïve subjects and to assess if patient education can benefit these subjects.

Methods: Chinese subjects above 60 years were recruited. Questionnaires, including Barthel index; Lawton's instrumental activities of daily living (ADL); Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, and Loss of Weight (FRAIL) scale; and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), were used to correlate with eye drop application technique (before and after patient education) using Spearman correlation analysis.

A Systematic Review of Potential Therapeutic Use of Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharides in Disease.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of polysaccharides in the treatment and/or prevention of diseases of different etiologies and systems.

Methods: We performed an Entrez PubMed literature search using keywords "lycium", "barbarum", "polysaccharides", "anti-fibrotic", "anti-apoptotic", "anti-oxidizing", "anti-aging", "neuroprotection", "metabolism", "diabetes", "hyperlipidemia", "neuroprotection", and "immunomodulation" on the 14 of August 2018, resulting in 207 papers, of which 20 were chosen after filtering for 'English language' and 'published within 10 years' as well as curation for relevance by the authors.

Results: The 20 selected papers included 2 randomized control trials (1 double-blinded RCT and 1 double-blinded placebo-controlled RCT), 11 in vivo studies, 5 in vitro studies, 1 study with both in vivo and in vitro results, and 1 chemical study.

Delay of cone degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa using a 12-month treatment with Lycium barbarum supplement.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Lycium barbarum L. (also known as "Goji berry"), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been a common herb in the traditional Chinese pharmacopoeia for centuries. The main active component is the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides and its antioxidative effect has been widely shown to provide neuroprotection to the eye, and it would, therefore, be interesting to determine if Lycium barbarum help delay vision deterioration in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.

Ciliochoroidal detachment after Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation: a retrospective study.

Background: To investigate the occurrence of ciliochoroidal detachment (CCD), its risk factors and its impact on the success rate after Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation.

Methods: This is a retrospective observational study carried out at Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China. Patients with uncontrolled glaucoma who underwent AGV implantation alone or combined with phacoemulsification (AGV-Phaco) in the hospital from April 1, 2013 to July 31, 2016 were included.

Randomized comparative trial of diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation versus Ahmed glaucoma valve for neovascular glaucoma in Chinese - a pilot study.

Purpose: This is a pilot study to compare the effectiveness and safety of diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCP) with the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) in the management of neovascular glaucoma (NVG).

Methods: Eyes with NVG and an IOP greater than 21 mmHg on maximal medications, without previous glaucoma surgery or cyclodestruction, were randomized for either TSCP or AGV implantation. These eyes were followed for at least 6 months and analyzed with respect to their visual outcome, IOP, number of glaucoma medications required, and related complications.

Induction of significant intraocular pressure diurnal fluctuation in rats using a modified technique of microbead occlusion.

Aim: To investigate the effect of microbead iridocorneal angle occlusion on intraocular pressure (IOP) diurnal fluctuation in rat eyes.

Methods: Male Dark Agouti (DA) rats, 8-10 week old, were each given a single intracameral injection of microbeads, followed by injection of dispersive viscoelastic solution. The right eye served as the experimental eye, while the left eye served as the control.

Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation Inhibits Retinal Microglial Activation and Enhances Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival After Acute Ocular Hypertensive Injury.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of transcorneal electrical stimulation (TcES) on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) function and survival after acute ocular hypertension-related retinal injury in gerbil eyes.

Methods: Gerbil eyes were subjected to acute ocular hypertensive injury (80 mm Hg for 60 minutes). In the treatment group, TcES was applied to the surgical eye immediately and then twice weekly for a total of 1 month.

Physical exercise and glaucoma: a review on the roles of physical exercise on intraocular pressure control, ocular blood flow regulation, neuroprotection and glaucoma-related mental health.

The benefits of physical exercise on health and well-being have been studied in a wide range of systemic and ocular diseases, including glaucoma, a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by accelerated apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and insufficient ocular perfusion have been postulated to be the two main theories in glaucoma development and progression. The effects of exercise in these two aspects have been demonstrated by numerous researches.