Molecular Triggers of Non-celiac Wheat Sensitivity: A Scoping Review and Analysis.

Introduction: Nonceliac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) is characterized by a symptomatic response to the ingestion of foods containing wheat and related cereal grains in the absence of celiac disease or wheat allergy. Despite efforts to identify the constituent component(s) of wheat responsible for triggering NCWS, no consensus has emerged, leading to competing claims. We aimed to systematically evaluate the literature and provide an evidence-based conclusion on the contribution of specific wheat components to NCWS.

Post-transcriptional regulation of IFI16 promotes inflammatory endothelial pathophenotypes observed in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease driven by endothelial cell inflammation and dysfunction, resulting in the pathological remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature. Innate immune activation has been linked to PAH development; however, the regulation, propagation, and reversibility of the induction of inflammation in PAH is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate a role for interferon inducible protein 16 (IFI16), an innate immune sensor, as a modulator of endothelial inflammation in pulmonary hypertension, utilizing human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs).

Dinitrogen Cleavage and Multicoupling with Isocyanides in a Dititanium Dihydride Framework.

Dinitrogen (N) activation and functionalization through N-N bond cleavage and N-C bond formation are of great interest and importance but remain highly challenging. We report here for the first time N cleavage and selective multicoupling with isocyanides in a dititanium dihydride framework. The reaction of a dinitrogen dititanium dihydride complex [{(PNP)Ti}(μ-η:η-N)(μ-H)] () with an excess (four or more equivalents) of -methoxyphenyl isocyanide at room temperature gave a novel amidoamidinatoguanidinate complex [(PNP)Ti{NC(═NR)NC(═NR)CHNR}Ti(PNP)(CNR)] (, PNP = 4,5-bis(diisopropylphosphino)-2,7,9,9-tetramethyl-9-acridin-10-ide; R = -MeOCH) through N splitting and coupling with three isocyanide molecules.

Superior Adsorptive Removal of Anionic Azo Dyes from Aqueous Solutions Using Sulfonic Acid Group-Modified MIL-101@Graphene Oxide Composite.

It is critical to remove organic contaminants from wastewater released by the printing and dyeing industry for addressing water pollution issue. Therefore, the fabrication of new adsorbents with excellent removal efficiencies is an urgent task. A composite of MIL-101 partially functionalized with -SOH (MIL-101-SOH) and graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by assembling MIL-101-SOH truncated octahedrons on the GO framework.

CXCL13-neutralizing Antibody Alleviate Chronic Skeletal Muscle Degeneration in a Mouse Model.

Introduction: Skeletal muscle degeneration is a common effect of chronic muscle injuries, including fibrosis and fatty infiltration, which is the replacement of preexisting parenchymal tissue by extracellular matrix proteins and abnormal invasive growth of fibroblasts and adipocytes.

Method: This remodeling limits muscle function and strength, eventually leading to reduced quality of life for those affected. Chemokines play a major role in the regulation of immunocyte migration, inflammation, and tissue remodeling and are implicated in various fibrotic and degenerative diseases.

Intake of B vitamins and the risk of developing islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in the TEDDY study.

Purpose: The aim was to study the association between dietary intake of B vitamins in childhood and the risk of islet autoimmunity (IA) and progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D) by the age of 10 years.

Methods: We followed 8500 T1D-susceptible children born in the U.S.

Detecting potential outliers in longitudinal data with time-dependent covariates.

Background: Outliers can influence regression model parameters and change the direction of the estimated effect, over-estimating or under-estimating the strength of the association between a response variable and an exposure of interest. Identifying visit-level outliers from longitudinal data with continuous time-dependent covariates is important when the distribution of such variable is highly skewed.

Objectives: The primary objective was to identify potential outliers at follow-up visits using interquartile range (IQR) statistic and assess their influence on estimated Cox regression parameters.

Nickel-catalysed asymmetric hydromonofluoromethylation of 1,3-enynes for enantioselective construction of monofluoromethyl-tethered chiral allenes.

An unprecedented nickel-catalysed enantioselective hydromonofluoromethylation of 1,3-enynes is developed, allowing the diverse access to monofluoromethyl-tethered axially chiral allenes, including the challenging deuterated monofluoromethyl (CDF)-tethered ones that are otherwise inaccessible. It represents the first asymmetric 1,4-hydrofunctionalization of 1,3-enynes using low-cost asymmetric nickel catalysis, thus opening a new avenue for the activation of 1,3-enynes in reaction development. The utility is further verified by its broad substrate scope, good functionality tolerance, mild conditions, and diversified product elaborations toward other valuable fluorinated structures.

Photoredox Nickel-Catalysed Stille Cross-Coupling Reactions.

The Stille cross-coupling reaction is one of the most common strategies for the construction of C-C bonds. Despite notable strides in the advancement of the Stille reaction, persistent challenges persist in hindering its greener evolution. These challenges encompass multiple facets, such as the high cost of precious metals and ligands, the demand for various additives, and the slow reaction rate.

Aza-Michael Addition of Dinitrogen to α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds in a Dititanium Framework.

The direct use of dinitrogen (N) as a building block for the synthesis of NN-containing organic compounds is of fundamental interest and practical importance but has remained a formidable challenge to date. Here, we report an unprecedented 1,4-conjugate (aza-Michael) addition of N to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in a dititanium framework. The resulting hydrazinopropenolate products could be easily converted to diverse NN-containing organic compounds such as β-hydrazine-functionalized esters and amides, pyrazolidinones, and pyrazolines depending on the types of Michael acceptors through protonation with MeOH.

Wittig/B─H insertion reaction: A unique access to trisubstituted -alkenes.

The Wittig reaction, which is one of the most effective methods for synthesizing alkenes from carbonyl compounds, generally gives thermodynamically stable -alkenes, and synthesis of trisubstituted -alkenes from ketones presents notable challenges. Here, we report what we refer to as Wittig/B─H insertion reactions, which innovatively combine a Wittig reaction with carbene insertion into a B─H bond and constitute a promising method for the synthesis of thermodynamically unstable trisubstituted -boryl alkenes. Combined with the easy transformations of boryl group, this methodology provides efficient access to a variety of previously unavailable trisubstituted -alkenes and thus provides a platform for discovery of pharmaceuticals.

Dietary Intake and Body Mass Index Influence the Risk of Islet Autoimmunity in Genetically At-Risk Children: A Mediation Analysis Using the TEDDY Cohort.

Background/objective: Growth and obesity have been associated with increased risk of islet autoimmunity (IA) and progression to type 1 diabetes. We aimed to estimate the effect of energy-yielding macronutrient intake on the development of IA through BMI.

Research Design And Methods: Genetically at-risk children ( = 5,084) in Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the USA, who were autoantibody negative at 2 years of age, were followed to the age of 8 years, with anthropometric measurements and 3-day food records collected biannually.

HLA Genotype and Probiotics Modify the Association Between Timing of Solid Food Introduction and Islet Autoimmunity in the TEDDY Study.

Objective: To study the interaction among HLA genotype, early probiotic exposure, and timing of complementary foods in relation to risk of islet autoimmunity (IA).

Research Design And Methods: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study prospectively follows 8,676 children with increased genetic risk of type 1 diabetes. We used a Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusting for potential confounders to study early feeding and the risk of IA in a sample of 7,770 children.

Regio-controllable [2+2] benzannulation with two adjacent C(sp)-H bonds.

Regiocontrol in traditional cycloaddition reactions between unsaturated carbon compounds is often challenging. The increasing focus in modern medicinal chemistry on benzocyclobutene (BCB) scaffolds indicates the need for alternative, more selective routes to diverse rigid carbocycles rich in C(sp) character. Here, we report a palladium-catalyzed double C-H activation of two adjacent methylene units in carboxylic acids, enabled by bidentate amide-pyridone ligands, to achieve a regio-controllable synthesis of BCBs through a formal [2+2] cycloaddition involving σ bonds only (two C-H bonds and two aryl-halogen bonds).

Physical Activity and the Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes in 5- to 15-Year-Old Children Followed in the TEDDY Study.

Objective: This study investigated physical activity and its association with the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in genetically at-risk children aged 5-15 years.

Research Design And Methods: As part of the longitudinal Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study, annual assessment of activity using accelerometry was conducted from age 5 years. Time-to-event analyses using Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity per day and the appearance of one or several autoantibodies and progression to type 1 diabetes in three risk groups: 1) 3,869 islet autoantibody (IA)-negative children, of whom 157 became single IA positive; 2) 302 single IA-positive children, of whom 73 became multiple IA positive; and 3) 294 multiple IA-positive children, of whom 148 developed type 1 diabetes.

Crystal structure of LRG1 and the functional significance of LRG1 glycan for LPHN2 activation.

The serum glycoprotein leucine-rich ɑ-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), primarily produced by hepatocytes and neutrophils, is a multifunctional protein that modulates various signaling cascades, mainly TGFβ signaling. Serum LRG1 and neutrophil-derived LRG1 have different molecular weights due to differences in glycosylation, but the impact of the differential glycan composition in LRG1 on its cellular function is largely unknown. We previously reported that LRG1 can promote both angiogenic and neurotrophic processes under hyperglycemic conditions by interacting with LPHN2.

Interaction Between Dietary Iron Intake and Genetically Determined Iron Overload: Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Progression to Type 1 Diabetes in the TEDDY Study.

Objective: To examine whether iron intake and genetically determined iron overload interact in predisposing to the development of childhood islet autoimmunity (IA) and type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Research Design And Methods: In The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study, 7,770 genetically high-risk children were followed from birth until the development of IA and progression to T1D. Exposures included energy-adjusted iron intake in the first 3 years of life and a genetic risk score (GRS) for increased circulating iron.

An ultrasensitive electrochemical self-signal circulating tumor DNA recognition strategy employing black phosphorous nanosheets assembled with flavin adenine dinucleotide.

A self-signal electrochemical sensing platform was constructed for direct recognition of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) employing black phosphorous nanosheets (BPNS) assembled with flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) prepared by ultrasonication approach. FAD provided a highly efficient and stable dispersing medium for acquiring highly dispersed BPNS in aqueous phase. The obtained FAD/BPNS nanocomposite exhibited favorable electrochemical redox activity and was utilized as the interface for the immobilization and hybridization of DNA.

Comparing KTP and CO laser excision for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: A systematic review.

Objective: The CO laser and 532 nm potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser have been applied to treat recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). This systematic review sought to compare outcome differences between these two methods.

Data Sources: Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library.