Proteomic Analysis of Venom: Assessment to Its Transcriptome and Newfound Proteins.

, a venomous reptile native to America, has a venom with potential applications in treating type II diabetes. In this work, venom was extracted, lyophilized, and characterized using enzymatic assays for hyaluronidase, phospholipase, and protease. Proteomic analysis of the venom was conducted employing bottom-up/shotgun approaches, SDS-PAGE, high-pH reversed-phase chromatography, and fractionation of tryptic peptides using nano-LC-MS/MS.

Indolealkylamines in the venom of the scorpion Thorellius intrepidus.

Scorpions are a group of arthropods that strike fear in many people due to their severe medical symptoms, even death, caused by their venomous stings. Even so, not all scorpion species contain harmful venoms against humans but still have valuable bioactive molecules, which could be used in developing new pharmaceutical leads for treating important diseases. This work conducted a comprehensive analysis of the venom from the scorpion Thorellius intrepidus.

Antimicrobial Compounds from Skin Secretions of Species That Belong to the Bufonidae Family.

Skin secretions of toads are a complex mixture of molecules. The substances secreted comprise more than 80 different compounds that show diverse pharmacological activities. The compounds secreted through skin pores and parotid glands are of particular interest because they help toads to endure in habitats full of pathogenic microbes, i.

Clinical Factors, Management, and Outcomes of Patients Under 18 Years Old With Central Nervous System Tumors: Single-center Experience in Peru.

Few reports on clinical factors, treatment, and survival in children and adolescents with Central nervous system tumors in low-income and middle-income countries in Latin America exist. We retrospectively reviewed such data in all cases of patients younger than 18 years with brain tumors diagnosed in a single tertiary care center in Peru from 2007 through 2017. Variables were analyzed for association with overall survival and event-free survival by using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox hazards ratio regression.

Biochemical characterization and insecticidal activity of isolated peptides from the venom of the scorpion Centruroides tecomanus.

The venom of scorpions is a mixture of components that constitute a source of bioactive molecules. The venom of the scorpion Centruroides tecomanus contains peptides toxic to insects, however, to date no toxin responsible for this activity has yet been isolated and fully characterized. This communication describes two new peptides Ct-IT1 and Ct-IT2 purified from this scorpion.

Structural and functional characterization of NDBP-4 family antimicrobial peptides from the scorpion Mesomexovis variegatus.

Six peptides, belonging to the NDBP-4 family of scorpion antimicrobial peptides were structurally and functionally characterized. The sequence of the mature peptides VpCT1, VpCT2, VpCT3 and VpCT4 was inferred by transcriptomic analysis of the venom gland of the scorpion Mesomexovis variegatus. Analysis of their amino acid sequences revealed patterns that are also present in previously reported peptides that show differences in their hemolytic and antimicrobial activities in vitro.

Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of the venom and venom glands of Centruroides hirsutipalpus, a dangerous scorpion from Mexico.

Centruroides hirsutipalpus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) is related to the "striped scorpion" group inhabiting the western Pacific region of Mexico. Human accidents caused by this species are medically important due to the great number of people stung and the severity of the resulting intoxication. This communication reports an extensive venom characterization using high-throughput proteomic and Illumina transcriptomic sequencing performed with RNA purified from its venom glands.

Molecular composition of the paralyzing venom of three solitary wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) collected in southeast Mexico.

The chemical and biological characterization of peptide and protein components of the paralyzing venom from three Pompilidae solitary spider wasps (Pepsis mexicana, Pepsis terminata, and Anoplius nigritus) is described for the first time. The molecular masses of the most abundant peptides were determined. The N-terminal sequences of two cysteine-rich peptides were obtained from Pepsis.

Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Gemigliptin and Metformin, and Potential Differences in the Pharmacokinetic Profile of Gemigliptin Between the Mexican and Korean Populations: A Randomized, Open-label Study in Healthy Mexican Volunteers.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic interactions between a newly developed dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor, gemigliptin, and metformin in healthy Mexican male volunteers, and the differences in the pharmacokinetic profile of gemigliptin between Korean and Mexican healthy volunteers.

Methods: This was a multiple-dose, randomized, open-label, 3-way, 3-period crossover study. Subjects were randomized to 1 of 3 treatment sequences and received gemigliptin 50mg once a day, metformin1000mg BID, or both drugs during a 7-day treatment period, and underwent sampling for pharmacokinetic analysis and tolerability assessments.

Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses Reveal the Diversity of Venom Components from the Vaejovid Scorpion .

To understand the diversity of scorpion venom, RNA from venomous glands from a sawfinger scorpion, , of the family Vaejovidae, was extracted and used for transcriptomic analysis. A total of 84,835 transcripts were assembled after Illumina sequencing. From those, 119 transcripts were annotated and found to putatively code for peptides or proteins that share sequence similarities with the previously reported venom components of other species.

K1.3 channel blockade with the Vm24 scorpion toxin attenuates the CD4 effector memory T cell response to TCR stimulation.

Background: In T cells, the K1.3 and the K3.1 potassium channels regulate the membrane potential and calcium homeostasis.

Arthropod toxins acting on neuronal potassium channels.

Arthropod venoms are a rich mixture of biologically active compounds exerting different physiological actions across diverse phyla and affecting multiple organ systems including the central nervous system. Venom compounds can inhibit or activate ion channels, receptors and transporters with high specificity and affinity providing essential insights into ion channel function. In this review, we focus on arthropod toxins (scorpions, spiders, bees and centipedes) acting on neuronal potassium channels.

Pi5 and Pi6, two undescribed peptides from the venom of the scorpion Pandinus imperator and their effects on K-channels.

This work reports the isolation, chemical and functional characterization of two previously unknown peptides purified from the venom of the scorpion Pandinus imperator, denominated Pi5 and Pi6. Pi5 is a classical K-channel blocking peptide containing 33 amino acid residues with 4 disulfide bonds. It is the first member of a new subfamily, here defined by the systematic number α-KTx 24.

Design and expression of recombinant toxins from Mexican scorpions of the genus Centruroides for production of antivenoms.

This manuscript describes the design of plasmids containing the genes coding for four main mammalian toxins of scorpions from the genus Centruroides (C.) of Mexico. The genes that code for toxin 2 of C.

Comparative proteomic analysis of female and male venoms from the Mexican scorpion Centruroides limpidus: Novel components found.

Venom from male and female scorpions of the species Centruroides limpidus were separated by HPLC and their molecular masses determined by mass spectrometry. The relative concentration of components eluting in equivalent retention times from the HPLC column shows some differences. A new peptide with 29 amino acids, cross-linked by three disulfide bonds was found in male scorpions and its structure determined.

NSAID-manufacturing plant effluent induces geno- and cytotoxicity in common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

The pharmaceutical industry generates wastewater discharges of varying characteristics and contaminant concentrations depending on the nature of the production process. The main chemicals present in these effluents are solvents, detergents, disinfectants - such as sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) - and pharmaceutical products, all of which are potentially ecotoxic. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the geno- and cytotoxicity induced in the common carp Cyprinus carpio by the effluent emanating from a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-manufacturing plant.