MR characteristics of mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) of the kidney: comparison with clear cell and papillary subtypes of renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: To describe MR features of mucinous tubular spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) of the kidney that may help differentiate from clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and papillary RCC (pRCC).

Methods: 15 MTSCCs were retrospectively evaluated by MR with T2-weighted image without fat suppression (n = 15) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE), fat-suppressed T1-weighted GRE (n = 11). Size-matched ccRCC (n = 30) and pRCC (n = 30) were evaluated as control.

Target coverage and cardiopulmonary sparing with the updated ESTRO-ACROP contouring guidelines for postmastectomy radiation therapy after breast reconstruction: a treatment planning study using VMAT and proton PBS techniques.

Background: The European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology Advisory Committee in Radiation Oncology Practice (ESTRO-ACROP) recently released new contouring guidelines for postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) after implant-based reconstruction (IBR). As compared to prior ESTRO guidelines, the new guidelines primarily redefined the chest wall (CW) target to exclude the breast prosthesis. In this study, we assessed the impact of these changes on treatment planning and dosimetric outcomes using volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and proton pencil-beam scanning (PBS) therapy.

Gender bias in academia: A lifetime problem that needs solutions.

Despite increased awareness of the lack of gender equity in academia and a growing number of initiatives to address issues of diversity, change is slow, and inequalities remain. A major source of inequity is gender bias, which has a substantial negative impact on the careers, work-life balance, and mental health of underrepresented groups in science. Here, we argue that gender bias is not a single problem but manifests as a collection of distinct issues that impact researchers' lives.

Witnessing the survival of time-energy entanglement through biological tissue and scattering media.

We demonstrate the preservation of the time-energy entanglement of near-IR photons through thick biological media (≤1.55 mm) and tissue (≤ 235 m) at room temperature. Using a Franson-type interferometer, we demonstrate interferometric contrast of over 0.

Sex Maintenance in Mammals.

The crucial event in mammalian sexual differentiation occurs at the embryonic stage of sex determination, when the bipotential gonads differentiate as either testes or ovaries, according to the sex chromosome constitution of the embryo, XY or XX, respectively. Once differentiated, testes produce sexual hormones that induce the subsequent differentiation of the male reproductive tract. On the other hand, the lack of masculinizing hormones in XX embryos permits the formation of the female reproductive tract.

Mediterranean Pine Vole, A Paradigm of an Opportunistic Breeder.

Most mammalian species of the temperate zones of the Earth reproduce seasonally, existing a non-breeding period in which the gonads of both sexes undergo functional regression. It is widely accepted that photoperiod is the principal environmental cue controlling these seasonal changes, although several exceptions have been described in other mammalian species in which breeding depends on cues such as food or water availability. We studied the circannual reproductive cycle in males of the Mediterranean pine vole, , in the Southeastern Iberian Peninsula.

Industrial symbiosis of anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis: Performances and agricultural interest of coupling biochar and liquid digestate.

The sustainability of the anaerobic digestion industry is closely related to proper digestate disposal. In this study, an innovative cascading biorefinery concept coupling anaerobic digestion and subsequent pyrolysis of the digestate was investigated with the aim of enhancing the energy recovery and improving the fertilizers from organic wastes. Continuous anaerobic co-digestion of quinoa residues with wastewater sludge (45/55% VS) exhibited good stability and a methane production of 219 NL CH/kg VS.

Selection on Phalanx Development in the Evolution of the Bird Wing.

The frameshift hypothesis is a widely accepted model of bird wing evolution. This hypothesis postulates a shift in positional values, or molecular-developmental identity, that caused a change in digit phenotype. The hypothesis synthesized developmental and paleontological data on wing digit homology.

MAP3K7-IKK Inflammatory Signaling Modulates AR Protein Degradation and Prostate Cancer Progression.

Androgen receptor (AR) is a major survival factor for prostate cancer. Inflammation is implicated in many cancer types, including prostate cancer. Activation of MAP3K7 (also termed TAK1) and downstream IκB kinase β (IKKβ) by proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα stimulates NF-κB survival pathways.

Short-term effects of caffeine intake on binocular accommodative facility: a quantitative and qualitative analysis.

Clinical Relevance: Caffeine intake has been demonstrated to influence several physiological measures, including some related to eye physiology. The ability to focus at different distances is of paramount importance in real-world situations, and thus, the possible impact of caffeine intake on accommodative facility may have important clinical implications.

Background: This placebo-controlled, double-blind, balanced crossover study aimed to assess the acute effects of caffeine ingestion on the frequency and precision of the binocular accommodative facility.

A contemporary guide to chromosomal copy number profiling in the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma.

The routine clinical implementation of molecular methods other than fluorescence in situ hybridization in the evaluation of renal neoplasia is currently limited, as the current standard of care primarily involves a combination of morphologic and immunophenotypic analysis of such tumors. Amongst various molecular techniques, global copy number profiling using single nucleotide polymorphism-based microarrays, colloquially referred to as SNP-arrays, is being increasingly utilized to profile renal tumors, as several subtypes have characteristic recurrent patterns of copy number alterations. Recurrent copy number alterations in common tumor types include loss of chromosome 3p in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), gain of chromosomes 7 and 17 in papillary RCC and multiple losses in chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 10, 13, 17, and 21 in chromophobe RCC.

Interaction of Differently Sized, Shaped, and Functionalized Silver and Gold Nanoparticles with Glycosylated versus Nonglycosylated Transferrin.

Exposure of nanomaterials (NMs) to biological medium results in their direct interaction with biomolecules and the formation of a dynamic biomolecular layer known as the biomolecular corona. Despite numerous published data on nano-biointeractions, the role of protein glycosylation in the formation, characteristics, and fate of such nano-biocomplexes has been almost completely neglected, although most serum proteins are glycosylated. This study aimed to systematically investigate the differences in interaction of metallic NPs with glycosylated vs nonglycosylated transferrin.

Capturing attention improves accommodation: An experimental study in children with ADHD using multiple object tracking.

The present study was aimed at assessing the impact of manipulating the attentional load using a multiple object tracking (MOT) task on the dynamics of the accommodative response in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The pupil size was recorded to assess the effectiveness of the experimental manipulation, and the role of ADHD medication was also explored. The accommodative and pupil dynamics (magnitude and variability) were monitored with an open-field autorefractometer (WAM-5500) in 41 children with ADHD (24 non-medicated and 17 medicated) and 21 non-ADHD controls, while they performed the MOT task with four different levels of complexity (i.

Heterosexual Cisgender Men Partnered with Transgender Women Exhibit Higher HIV/STI Sexual Risk than Their Gay, Bisexual, and Queer Counterparts: Findings from a U.S.-Based Convenience Sample Recruited Online.

Cisgender men are frequently vectors for HIV transmission among transgender women. Despite this, the correlates of sexual risk among these men remain under-examined. The purpose of the present study was to explore potential differences in relationship characteristics, sexual risk-taking, and risk-reduction strategies among cisgender men partnered with transgender women.

Proton Therapy for Breast Cancer: A Consensus Statement From the Particle Therapy Cooperative Group Breast Cancer Subcommittee.

Radiation therapy plays an important role in the multidisciplinary management of breast cancer. Recent years have seen improvements in breast cancer survival and a greater appreciation of potential long-term morbidity associated with the dose and volume of irradiated organs. Proton therapy reduces the dose to nontarget structures while optimizing target coverage.

Tumor- and osteoclast-derived NRP2 in prostate cancer bone metastases.

Understanding the role of neuropilin 2 (NRP2) in prostate cancer cells as well as in the bone microenvironment is pivotal in the development of an effective targeted therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer bone metastasis. We observed a significant upregulation of NRP2 in prostate cancer cells metastasized to bone. Here, we report that targeting NRP2 in cancer cells can enhance taxane-based chemotherapy with a better therapeutic outcome in bone metastasis, implicating NRP2 as a promising therapeutic target.

An apparent core/shell architecture of polyQ aggregates in the aging Caenorhabditis elegans neuron.

Huntington's disease is caused by a polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in the huntingtin protein which results in its abnormal aggregation in the nervous system. Huntingtin aggregates are linked to toxicity and neuronal dysfunction, but a comprehensive understanding of the aggregation mechanism in vivo remains elusive. Here, we examine the morphology of polyQ aggregates in Caenorhabditis elegans mechanosensory neurons as a function of age using confocal and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.

Low-Grade Oncocytic Tumor of Kidney (CK7-Positive, CD117-Negative): Incidence in a single institutional experience with clinicopathological and molecular characteristics.

Low-grade oncocytic tumor of the kidney (LOT) is characterized by cytoplasmic eosinophilia and a CK7-positive/CD117-negative immunophenotype. Morphologically, they exhibit overlapping features with oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Our aim was to obtain long-term clinical follow-up data, clinicopathological and molecular characteristics, and incidence of LOT.

Gut microbiota contributes to the development of hypertension in a genetic mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background And Purpose: Hypertension is an important cardiovascular risk factor that is prevalent in the systemic lupus erythematosus patient population. Here, we have investigated whether intestinal microbiota is involved in hypertension in a genetic mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Experimental Approach: Twenty-six-week-old female NZW/LacJ (control) and NZBWF1 (F1 hybrid of New Zealand Black and New Zealand White strains; systemic lupus erythematosus) mice were treated for 6 weeks with a broad-spectrum antibiotic mixture or with vancomycin.

The Association Between Cardiac Mortality and Adjuvant Radiation Therapy Among Older Patients With Stage I Estrogen Positive Breast Cancer: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Based Study on Cardiac Mortality and Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: We evaluated the risk of cardiac mortality in older patients who receive adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) for stage I breast cancer to determine whether this risk persists in the modern era.

Methods And Materials: Using the 2000 to 2015 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program data, we performed a population-based cohort study to evaluate the association between adjuvant breast RT, tumor laterality, and cardiac-specific survival (CSS) among patients 60 and older with stage I estrogen receptor positive breast cancer who received breast-conserving surgery and RT.

Results: At a median follow-up of 6 years (range, 0-15.

A Mobile Phone-Based Intervention to Reduce Mental Health Problems in Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic (PsyCovidApp): Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The global health emergency generated by the COVID-19 pandemic is posing an unprecedented challenge to health care workers, who are facing heavy workloads under psychologically difficult situations. Mental mobile Health (mHealth) interventions are now being widely deployed due to their attractive implementation features, despite the lack of evidence about their efficacy in this specific population and context.

Objective: The aim of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of a psychoeducational, mindfulness-based mHealth intervention to reduce mental health problems in health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.