Scleral rupture during intraoperative silicone oil injection in pars plana vitrectomy.

Purpose: To report a single case history of scleral rupture (SR) during silicone oil injection in a pars plana vitrectomy.

Observations: A 60-year-old woman with a history of pathological myopia presented with acute vision loss in her right eye. A retinal detachment, with multiple tears, was diagnosed, and she underwent vitreoretinal surgery.

Functional characterization of rs2229094 (T>C) polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor locus and lymphotoxin alpha expression in human retina: the Retina 4 project.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to determine the expression and localization of lymphotoxin alpha (LTA) in human retinas and the functionality of one of its polymorphisms rs2229094 (C13R) (T>C), previously associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) development.

Materials And Methods: Total RNA from three healthy human retinas were extracted and subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, using flanking primers of LTA cDNA. In addition, three human eyes with retinal detachment (RD) and three healthy control eyes were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) with a specific antibody against LTA.

Loss of Visual Acuity after Successful Surgery for Macula-On Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in a Prospective Multicentre Study.

Purpose. To quantify the frequency of visual loss after successful retinal detachment (RD) surgery in macula-on patients in a multicentric, prospective series of RD. Methods.

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: A new concept of disease pathogenesis and practical consequences.

During the last four decades, proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) has defied the efforts of many researchers to prevent its occurrence or development. Thus, PVR is still the major complication following retinal detachment (RD) surgery and a bottle-neck for advances in cell therapy that require intraocular surgery. In this review we tried to combine basic and clinical knowledge, as an example of translational research, providing new and practical information for clinicians.

BAX and BCL-2 polymorphisms, as predictors of proliferative vitreoretinopathy development in patients suffering retinal detachment: the Retina 4 project.

Purpose: To compare the distribution of BCL-2 -938C>A (rs2279115) and BAX -248G>A (rs4645878) genotypes among European subjects undergoing rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgery in relation to the further development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

Methods: A case-control gene association study, as a part of Retina 4 project, was designed. rs2279115 and rs4645878 polymorphisms were analysed in 555 samples from patients with RRD (134 with PVR secondary to surgery).

Predicting proliferative vitreoretinopathy: temporal and external validation of models based on genetic and clinical variables.

Purpose: To validate three models for predicting proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) based on the analysis of genotypic data and relevant clinical characteristics.

Methods: The validation series consisted of data from 546 patients operated on from primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) coming from centres in the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and the UK. Temporal and geographical validation was performed.

The T309G MDM2 gene polymorphism is a novel risk factor for proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is still the major cause of failure in retinal detachment (RD) surgery. It is believed that down-regulation in the p53 pathway could be an important key in PVR pathogenesis. The purpose was to evaluate the impact of T309G MDM2 polymorphism (rs2279744) in PVR.

A genetic case-control study confirms the implication of SMAD7 and TNF locus in the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Purpose: Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is still the major cause of failure of retinal detachment (RD) surgery and although the risk for developing this complication is associated with some clinical characteristics, the correlation is far from absolute, raising the possibility of genetic susceptibility. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic contribution to PVR in patients undergoing RD surgery, the Retina 4 Project.

Methods: A candidate gene association study was conducted in 2006 in a Spanish population of 450 patients suffering from primary rhegmatogenous RD.

The p53 codon 72 polymorphism (rs1042522) is associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy: the Retina 4 Project.

Purpose: To compare the distribution of a p53 gene polymorphism among European subjects undergoing primary retinal detachment (RD) surgery in relation to the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

Design: Case-controlled gene association study conducted as a component of the Retina 4 Project (a European multicenter study).

Participants And Controls: Five hundred fifty DNA samples, 134 with PVR secondary to primary RD and 416 with RD without PVR.

Training and professional profile of retinologists in Spain: Retina 2 project, Report 4.

Background: Uniform postresidency systems to train medical specialists have not been developed in most European countries. Before developing a framework for such a system, we established the learning and professional profiles of Spanish ophthalmologists dedicated to medical retina and vitreoretina subspecialties.

Methods: After identification of presumed subspecialists by experts from different autonomous regions, a self-administered questionnaire was mailed in 2006.

A propensity score matching application: indications and results of adding scleral buckle to vitrectomy: The Retina 1 Project: Report 3.

Purpose: To identify the indications and differences in outcomes for adding a scleral buckle (SB) to pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in a prospective series of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) by using propensity score matching (PSM) to analyze causal effects in observational studies.

Methods: Data were collected from the Retina 1 Project, a prospective, interventional, nonrandomized study of consecutive RDs. Case selection was based upon treatment with PPV or PPV+SB.

A strong genetic association between the tumor necrosis factor locus and proliferative vitreoretinopathy: the retina 4 project.

Objective: To assess the genetic contribution to proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and report the strong association observed in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) locus.

Design: As a component of The Retina 4 Project, a case-controlled, candidate gene association study in the TNF locus was conducted.

Participants And Controls: Blood from 450 patients with (138 cases) and without (312 controls) post-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) PVR was genotyped to determine polymorphisms located in the TNFα gene.

Development of predictive models of proliferative vitreoretinopathy based on genetic variables: the Retina 4 project.

Purpose: Machine learning techniques were used to identify which of 14 algorithms best predicts the genetic risk for development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in patients who are experiencing primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD).

Method: Data from a total of 196 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 30 candidate genes were used. The genotypic profile of 138 patients with PVR following primary rhegmatogenous RD and 312 patients without PVR RD were analyzed.