α-Pyrrolidinooctanophenone facilitates activation of human microglial cells via ROS/STAT3-dependent pathway.

Purpose: Pyrrolidinophenone derivatives (PPs) are amphetamine-like designer drugs containing a pyrrolidine ring, and their adverse effects resemble those of methamphetamine (METH). Microglial activation has been recently suggested as a key event in eliciting the adverse effects against dysfunction of the central nervous system. The aim of this study is to clarify the mechanisms of microglial activation induced by PPs.

Decreased Stroke Volume and Venous Return in School Children with Postural Tachycardia Syndrome.

In postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), a subtype of orthostatic intolerance, the changes in hemodynamics due to postural changes are poorly understood. We speculated that inappropriate venous return, which may occur in the upright position in patients with school-aged POTS, could be detected by echocardiography. Our prospective study was conducted with 100 POTS patients (45 boys and 55 girls), aged 13.

Polymer fraction including exosomes derived from Chinese hamster ovary cells promoted their growth during serum-free repeated batch culture.

While continuous (perfusion) culture of mammalian cells might reduce the reactor size owing to the high cell density, there is the problem of higher medium cost; however, this problem is expected to be solved by the reuse of growth-promoting components in the culture supernatant. The polymer fraction (PF, 10 kDa-220 nm) collected from the supernatant of serum-free repeated-batch culture of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in not only adhesion but also suspension promoted the cell growth in respective serum-free cultures. PF contained CD81-positive exosomes and proteins, both of which were necessary for its growth-promoting activity.

Response to exercise-induced blood pressure elevation is blunted in wrist-cuff automated oscillometric measurement in healthy young college students.

Background: A wrist-cuff automated oscillometric device is portable and useful for self-monitoring of blood pressure (BP) at home and outdoors when an upper arm device is not available. Although the height of the forearm in wrist BP measurement is acknowledged to be the major cause of measurement error, it remains unclear whether exercise affects subsequent wrist BP measurement.

Methods And Results: Ninety-seven healthy college students (median age of 20 years with an age range of 19 to 36 years, 70.

Evaluation of a new apparatus combining a mobile device and hand-held roller for the detection of spinal deformities: association with the sum of the right and left angles of trunk inclination.

Purpose: To investigate the intra- and inter-observer reliabilities of the newly developed i-Scolioroller for scoliosis screening, and to determine the optimal i-Scolioroller measurement cutoff values for identifying adolescent scoliosis with a Cobb angle ≥ 20°.

Methods: The i-Scolioroller displays the right- and left-side maximum inclination angle (Rmax, Lmax) during the forward bending test (FBT), as well as the angle of trunk inclination (ATI, i.e.

Normal reference values for left atrial strains and strain rates in school children assessed using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography.

Left atrium (LA) function is a known predictive marker of heart failure in adults. Few reports of LA function analyses using LA strain (ɛ) and strain rate (SR) measurements in children exist. Thus, this study aimed to determine normal reference values for LA ɛ and SR in healthy school children and to investigate methods of interpreting LA function data based on maturational changes using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2DSTE).

Denosumab prevents periprosthetic bone mineral density loss in the tibial metaphysis in total knee arthroplasty.

Background: Periprosthetic bone quality is one of the most important factors preventing early prosthesis migration and long-term failure. Although denosumab, which binds to the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), has been linked with periprosthetic bone mineral density (BMD), the effectiveness of denosumab against bone loss remains unclear. We hypothesized that denosumab treatment after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) could prevent periprosthetic bone resorption.

Classification of arm swing as a clinical marker of advancing spinal deformity among community-dwelling female volunteers 60 years or older.

The clinical characteristics of adult spinal deformity (ASD) include worsening of deformity during gait, which leads to unstable posture and propensity to fall. The purpose of this study was to classify arm swing and to analyse its clinical implications. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed with 168 community-dwelling female volunteers recruited from a population register in Hokkaido, Japan, with a mean age of 67.

Natural and inducible regulatory B cells are widely distributed in ovine lymphoid tissues.

Regulatory B cells that produce IL-10 are now recognized as an important component of the immune system. We previously confirmed that IL-10 secreting CD21 regulatory B cells (B cells) were present in ovine jejunal Peyer's patches (JPP) and this IL-10 production suppressed IL-12 and IFN-γ secretion. It is not known, however, whether ovine B cells are restricted to JPP or are present in other lymphoid tissues.

Adult spinal deformity and its relationship with hip range of motion: a cohort study of community-dwelling females.

Background Context: Adult spinal deformity affects lower extremity alignment with compensation in joint range of motion (ROM) and alignment of the hip.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between sagittal spinopelvic alignment and the ROM of the hip joint and the femoral oblique angle (FOA).

Study Design: Cross-sectional, observational cohort study of community-dwelling Japanese women.

Analgesic effects of calcitonin on radicular pain in male rats.

Purpose: Radicular pain is a frequently observed symptom of lumbar disk herniation or lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Achieving radicular pain relief is difficult. This type of pain may progress to chronic neuropathic pain.

Antinociceptive effects of hyaluronic acid on monoiodoacetate-induced ankle osteoarthritis in rats.

Purpose: Ankle osteoarthritis (OA) causes significant pain and debilitation; yet, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Clinically, hyaluronic acid (HA) is widely used to treat OA. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of HA in pain-related behavior, joint function, swelling, and pathological changes in cartilage in a rat model of monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced ankle OA.

Clinical evaluation of surgery for osteophyte-associated dysphagia using the functional outcome swallowing scale.

Purpose: To investigate the surgical outcome of patients with osteophyte-associated dysphagia (OAD) using the functional outcome swallowing scale (FOSS).

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 10 surgical cases of OAD (9 male and 1 female patient; mean age of 65 years) from 1982 to 2017 was performed, and radiographic evaluations were conducted by video fluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) and conventional radiography. All OAD cases were treated at a single institution, and osteophytes were surgically resected by the anterior approach under gentle retraction of the affected esophagus.

Mycoplasma bovis-Induced Inhibition of Bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Proliferation Is Ameliorated after Blocking the Immune-Inhibitory Programmed Death 1 Receptor.

-induced immune suppression is a major obstacle faced by the host for controlling infections. impairment of antigen-specific T-cell responses is achieved through inhibiting the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This impairment may contribute to the persistence of infection in various sites, including lungs, and its systemic spread to various organs such as joints, with the underlying mechanisms remaining elusive.

Induction of a balanced IgG1/IgG2 immune response to an experimental challenge with Mycoplasma bovis antigens following a vaccine composed of Emulsigen™, IDR peptide1002, and poly I:C.

Prevention and or control of Mycoplasma bovis infections in cattle have relied on the treatment of animals with antibiotics; herd management including separation and or culling infected animals; and the use of vaccines with limited protection. Due to the negative reactions and incomplete protection observed after vaccination with some bacterin-based vaccines, there is a need to put more efforts in the development of recombinant-based vaccines. However, the arsenal of antigens that may be suitable for a fully protective vaccine is rather limited at this point.

Suppression of Sympathetic Nerve Sprouting by Local Administration of an α-antagonist Around the Dorsal Root Ganglion in a Lumbar Radiculopathy Model.

Study Design: Animal experimental study with intervention.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether local administration of an α-antagonist around the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) suppressed sympathetic nerve sprouting, from the acute to the chronic pain development phase, in a lumbar radiculopathy model using immunohistochemical methods.

Summary Of Background Data: The abnormal sympathetic-somatosensory interaction may underlie some forms of neuropathic pain.

Effect of Mycoplasma bovis on bovine neutrophils.

Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is a small bacterium that lacks a cell wall. M.

Altered sulcogyral patterns of orbitofrontal cortex in a large cohort of patients with schizophrenia.

Abnormalities in prenatal brain development contribute to schizophrenia vulnerability. Orbitofrontal cortex sulcogyral patterns are largely determined during prenatal development, and four types of orbitofrontal cortex sulcogyral patterns have been classified in humans. Altered orbitofrontal cortex patterns have been reported in individuals with schizophrenia using magnetic resonance imaging; however, sample sizes of previous studies were small-medium effects for detection, and gender manifestation for orbitofrontal cortex sulcogyral patterns is unclear.

Status of the development of a vaccine against Mycoplasma bovis.

Mycoplasma bovis is an important pathogen of cattle and, despite numerous efforts an effective vaccine for control of the disease it causes remains elusive. Although we now know more about the biology of this pathogen, information is lacking about appropriate protective antigens, the type of immune response that confers protection and adjuvants selection. The use of conserved recombinant proteins, selected using in silico approaches, as components of a vaccine may be a better choice over bacterin-based vaccines due to the limited protection afforded by them and adverse reactions caused by them.

Clinical, physical, and radiographic analyses of lumbar degenerative kyphosis and spondylolisthesis among community-based cohort.

Purpose: To investigate longitudinal radiographic changes, and physical characteristics of lumbar degenerative kyphosis (LDK) and spondylolisthesis (DS).

Methods: Two-hundred eighty nine community-based female subjects were recruited from population register and studied longitudinally for a mean 12.3 years.

Evidence for the existence of regulatory and effector B cell populations in Peyer's patches of sheep.

IL-10 secreting CD21(+) B cells exist in sheep Peyer's patches (PP). It's not known however, whether all PP B cells are regulatory or whether an effector population also exists in this tissue. To further characterize the subpopulations of B cells in PP's, highly purified B cells were negatively sorted from jejunal PP and fractionated according to co-expression of CD72(+)CD21(+)or CD72(+)CD21(-) molecules and then stimulated with the TLR9-agonist, CpG ODN.

Attenuation of pain behaviour by local administration of alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonists to dorsal root ganglia in a rat radiculopathy model.

Background: There were several reports suggesting α-adrenoceptor antagonists are effective to treat neuropathic pain. The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to introduce drug delivery system for dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons; (2) to elucidate the effects of α-adrenoceptor antagonists in acute, subacute or chronic phase and (3) to determine which subtype of adrenoceptor was mainly involved.

Method: We used 130 male Sprague-Dawley rats.

IL-10 secreting CD21⁺ B cells are present in jejunal Peyer's patches of sheep during fetal development.

We recently reported a novel interleukin-10 (IL-10)-secreting CD21(+) B cell population in jejunal Peyer's patches (JPP) of sheep with a regulatory function (Bregs) suppressing Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-induced cytokine responses. However, little is known about the development of these cells. Therefore, we investigate their existence in JPP cells from fetal and newborn lambs.

Epidemiology of degenerative lumbar scoliosis: a community-based cohort study.

Study Design: A 12-year prospective study of pre-existing and de novo degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) among community-based female volunteers.

Objective: To investigate serial entire spine radiographs of healthy female volunteers and to clarify radiographical characteristics and predictors of pre-existing and de novo DLS.

Summary Of Background Data: DLS is among the most frequent spinal defomities in the aging spine; however, the onset or the natural course of this condition has not been elucidated.

Novel B regs down-regulate TLR9-induced cytokine responses in sheep Peyer's patches.

Regulation of TLR responses is required in the intestine to prevent unnecessary responses to commensal microorganisms and maintain tissue homeostasis. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the regulation of TLR responses in intestinal epithelial and lamina propria cells. However, whether this regulation occurs in Peyer's patches (PP) is not known.