[Cystic craniopharyngioma extending down into the upper cervical spinal canal (author's transl)].

A case of craniopharyngioma with a large cyst extending through the posterior fossa down into the upper cervical spinal canal was reported. The patient is a 14-year-old female who was operated on for the first time in 1970, because of a suprasellar calcified mass. Histological examination verified craniopharyngioma of adamantinomatous type.

[Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Part 2. The evaluation of severity of cerebral dysfunction by measurement of "barrier ratio" and regional cerebral blood flow (author's transl)].

In the previous study, quantitative analysis of RI ventriculography was reported in fifty-three cases with chronic communicating hydrocephalus. In this study, according to the same criteria as that of previous report, fifty-three cases were divided into two groups, namely NPH group (twenty-seven cases) and control group, which were considered as mere chronic communicating hydrocephalus without and NPH chalacteristics. (twenty-six cases).

[Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Part 1. Dynamic study of CSF circulation in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (author's transl)].

To clarify the pathogenesis of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), quantitative measurement of CSF dynamics was attempted using RI techniques. In this study results concerning RI ventriculography and RI transfer test from CSF to plasma were reported. "Barrier ratio" and regional cerebral blood flow study in NPH will be reported elsewhere.

Quantitative investigation of the x-ray absorption coefficient in computed tomography. An approach to numerical diagnosis.

From printout data of 50 normal and 50 abnormal scans of a brain slice picking up the basal ganglia the numerical values of SD and DC were obtained and those values lying inside M + 2sigma were arbitrarily regarded as normal. By these criteria two cases (4%) were diagnosed as false negative and three cases (6%) as false positive, with a misdiagnosis rate of 5%.

[A new technique for collection the cerebrospinal fluid from rat (authors transl)].

An attempt was made to collect the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rat using a capillary phenomenon technique. Experiments were carried out in 76 rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal, Abbot. 50 mg/kg IP).

[Computerized transverse axial tomography in intracerebral, intracerebellar and intraventricular hemorrhage (author's transl)].

Computerized transverse axial tomography (CT) of the brain is a recently developed method which allows non-invasive roentgenologic evaluation of intracranial diseases. The advent of CT represents a great advance in the diagnosis of a very wide variety of intracranial lesions, including cerebrovascular diseases. Especially, CT was found to be extremely informative in evaluating intracerebral, intracerebellar and intraventricular hemorrhage.

[Existence of triphasic flow pattern in regional cerebral blood flow of prolonged unconscious patients (author's transl)].

Anticipating to get some new informations about the cerebral circulations of the comatous patients, two kinds of radioisotopic techniques were combined and applied to twelve unconscious patients of various etiologies. The first step was the conventional gas clearance method using xenon 133 as the indicator. Regional cerebral blood flows were measured at the six areas over each hemisphere.

[Cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics in cerebral infarction--Numerical study with RI Anger camera (author's transl)].

Although the cerebral blood flow dynamics in cerebral infarction has already been studied by many investigators, the CSF flow dynamics in cerebral infarction has not been well discussed. The purpose of this paper is to investigate CSF flow dynamics in chronic cerebral infarction by RI cisternography and our new quantitative method. In 12 patients with cerebral infarction, the flow of CSF was estimated following intrathecal injection of 169Yb-DTPA or 111In-DTPA.

[Diagnostic value of isocount scanning in cerebrovascular diseases (author's transl)].

In the previous report the theoretical background and technical details of the isocount scanning were described. Based on clinical experiences of various brain diseases, the newly developed scanning method was confirmed to be more useful than the conventional scintiscanning. Besides the new scanning method, a new display system was also developed for the sake of more precise analysis of the isocount scanned data.

[Isocount scanning of the brain (author's transl)].

It is well known that the gamma ray emitted by a radionuclide is a Poisson process, so its statistic nature should be taken in consideration when the scintiscanning is performed. But very few attempts have been done from this point of view. After examining in detail the imaging pulse charactristics, the authors introduced a mean for evaluating the fidelity of the collected data, and based on this criterion, pointed out some problems in the conventional scanning method and finally described a statistical way of improving the scintigram.