Laser stimulation of auditory neurons: effect of shorter pulse duration and penetration depth.

We have pioneered what we believe is a novel method of stimulating cochlear neurons, using pulsed infrared radiation, based on the hypothesis that optical radiation can provide more spatially selective stimulation of the cochlea than electric current. Very little of the available optical parameter space has been used for optical stimulation of neurons. Here, we use a pulsed diode laser (1.

Optical parameter variability in laser nerve stimulation: a study of pulse duration, repetition rate, and wavelength.

Pulsed lasers can evoke neural activity from motor as well as sensory neurons in vivo. Lasers allow more selective spatial resolution of stimulation than the conventional electrical stimulation. To date, few studies have examined pulsed, mid-infrared laser stimulation of nerves and very little of the available optical parameter space has been studied.

Slow-stirring method for determining the n-octanol/water partition coefficient (Pow) for highly hydrophobic chemicals: performance evaluation in a ring test.

The n-octanol/water partition coefficient (Pow) is one of the most important parameters employed for estimating a chemical's environmental fate and toxicity. The currently adopted test guidelines for its determination do not allow for reliable determination of log Pow greater than 5. The slow-stirring experiment, in contrast, has been demonstrated to provide reliable log Pow data up to log Pow of 8.