Intercropping of Narrow-Leafed Lupin ( L.) and Barley ( L.) Affects the Flavonoid Composition of Both Crops.

Barley ( L.) is a common cereal crop in agricultural production and is often included in legume-cereal intercropping. Flavonoids, a major class of secondary metabolites found in barley, are involved in plant defense and protection.

Cover crop root morphology rather than quality controls the fate of root and rhizodeposition C into distinct soil C pools.

Cover crops increase carbon (C) inputs to agricultural soils, and thus have the potential to mitigate climate change through enhanced soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. However, few studies have explored the fate of belowground C inputs associated with varying root traits into the distinct SOC pools of mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) particulate organic carbon (POC). Therefore, a packed 0.

Deep-rooted perennial crops differ in capacity to stabilize C inputs in deep soil layers.

Comprehensive climate change mitigation necessitates soil carbon (C) storage in cultivated terrestrial ecosystems. Deep-rooted perennial crops may help to turn agricultural soils into efficient C sinks, especially in deeper soil layers. Here, we compared C allocation and potential stabilization to 150 cm depth from two functionally distinct deep-rooted perennials, i.

Data on growth, uptake and N fixation of grass-clover leys fertilized with mineral N fertilizer and cattle slurry.

This article presents the data obtained from a field experiment in which grass-clover leys were fertilized with increasing N rates applied in either mineral N fertilizer and/or cattle slurry forms. The leys were composed of a 2-species mixture of white clover (.) and ryegrass (.

A novel box for aerosol and droplet guarding and evacuation in respiratory infection (BADGER) for COVID-19 and future outbreaks.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions and killed more than 1.7 million people worldwide as of December 2020. Healthcare providers are at increased risk of infection when caring for patients with COVID-19.

Robust Species Distribution Mapping of Crop Mixtures Using Color Images and Convolutional Neural Networks.

Crop mixtures are often beneficial in crop rotations to enhance resource utilization and yield stability. While targeted management, dependent on the local species composition, has the potential to increase the crop value, it comes at a higher expense in terms of field surveys. As fine-grained species distribution mapping of within-field variation is typically unfeasible, the potential of targeted management remains an open research area.

Gram-positive bacteria control the rapid anabolism of protein-sized soil organic nitrogen compounds questioning the present paradigm.

The cycling of especially large size organic nitrogen (N) from plants into stable microbial derived soil organic carbon (C) and N pools is understudied, in spite of organic N composing 90% of soil N and the intimate link between organic N and soil C stabilization. We investigated the fate of peptide-size and protein-size organic N fractions in soils from two long-term field experiments markedly differing in conditions for microorganisms. We combined amino acid stable isotope probing (AA-SIP) fingerprinting with PLFA-SIP to trace organic N into the soil microbial biomass.

ESTABLISHMENT OF ACUTE-PHASE PROTEIN AND SERUM PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS PRELIMINARY REFERENCE VALUES FOR PRONGHORN ().

Pronghorn () are native to western North America and are found in 24 Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA)-accredited institutions. Acute-phase proteins (APP) are a broad class of proteins that are stimulated in response to inflammation and have been shown to be a sensitive measure of inflammation in equids and ruminants. In this study, blood samples from clinically normal free-ranging and captive populations of pronghorn were analyzed using assays for protein electrophoresis (EPH) and APP, including serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (HP), to develop preliminary ranges to gauge potential differences between these populations.

Newly depolymerized large organic N contributes directly to amino acid uptake in young maize plants.

The contribution of large molecular size organic nitrogen (N) to plant N uptake is unclear. Soils with and without maize, at three pH levels, were treated with (carbon-14 and -13 ( C, C), N) triple-labelled > 100 kDa organic N. After 48 h, soil and maize were sampled for bulk and compound specific isotope analysis to study the turnover in soil and plant C and N uptake.

The influence of hydrolysis and derivatization on the determination of amino acid content and isotopic ratios in dual-labeled ( C, N) white clover.

Rationale: The cycling of peptide- and protein-bound amino acids (AAs) is important for studying the rate-limiting steps in soil nitrogen (N) turnover. A strong tool is stable C and N isotopes used in combination with compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA), where a prerequisite for analysis is appropriate methods for peptide and protein hydrolysis and appropriate methods for derivatization of AAs for analysis by gas chromatography (GC).

Methods: We examined the efficiency of a standard acidic hydrolysis (6 M HCl, 20 h at 110°C) and a fast acidic hydrolysis (6 M HCl, 70 min at 150°C) on the recovery of AAs from a protein standard (bovine serum albumin).

Forbs enhance productivity of unfertilised grass-clover leys and support low-carbon bioenergy.

Intensively managed grasslands are dominated by highly productive grass-clover mixtures. Increasing crop diversity by inclusion of competitive forbs may enhance biomass production and sustainable biofuel production. Here we examined if one or all of three forbs (chicory, Cichorium intybus L.

Variation of MCPA, metribuzine, methyltriazine-amine and glyphosate degradation, sorption, mineralization and leaching in different soil horizons.

Pesticide mineralization and sorption were determined in 75 soil samples from 15 individually drilled holes through the vadose zone along a 28km long transect of the Danish outwash plain. Mineralization of the phenoxyacetic acid herbicide MCPA was high both in topsoils and in most subsoils, while metribuzine and methyltriazine-amine was always low. Organic matter and soil pH was shown to be responsible for sorption of MCPA and metribuzine in the topsoils.

Elucidating the key member of a linuron-mineralizing bacterial community by PCR and reverse transcription-PCR denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis 16S rRNA gene fingerprinting and cultivation.

A bacterial community from Danish agricultural soil was enriched with linuron [N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N'-methoxy-N'-methylurea] as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. The community mineralized [ring-U-14C]linuron completely to 14CO2 and 14C-biomass. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis and cultivation revealed that a Variovorax sp.

Spatial variability in the mineralisation of the phenylurea herbicide linuron within a Danish agricultural field: multivariate correlation to simple soil parameters.

The spatial variability in the mineralisation rate of linuron [N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N'-methoxy-N'-methylurea] was studied within a previously treated Danish agricultural field by sampling soils from eleven different plots randomly distributed across an area of 20 x 20 m. The soils were characterised with respect to different abiotic and biotic properties including moisture content, organic matter content, pH, nutrient content, bacterial biomass, potential for mineralisation of MCPA [(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid] and linuron. Five soils had a potential for mineralisation of linuron, with 5-15% of the added [ring-U-14C]linuron metabolised to 14CO2 within 60 days at 10 degrees C, while no extensive mineralisation of linuron was observed in the six remaining soils within this period.

Sorption-controlled degradation kinetics of MCPA in soil.

The relationship between sorption strength and degradation kinetics has been studied for the pesticide MCPA in a sandy top- and subsoil. After adding two types of sorbents (crushed peat and activated carbon) in various amounts to the sandy soils, sorption, desorption, and mineralization of 14C-MCPA were measured. The obtained Freundlich constants (KF) varied between 0.

Method for rapid screening of pesticide mineralization in soil.

A method has been developed for the analysis of (14)CO(2) evolution from the mineralization of (14)C-labelled organic compounds in soil samples. The new method is less space demanding and substantially cuts down laborious manual work compared to the traditional incubation bottle method used. Furthermore, the use of scintillation cocktail is largely reduced with the new method.