Publications by authors named "Jim K Lai"
Background: is the primary cause of shoulder surgery infections, but the predisposition to larger skin counts and potentially higher risk for postoperative infection remains unclear. This study aimed to quantify risk factors influencing endogenous burden and to compare counts among 4 shoulder sites.
Methods: counts were quantified via a detergent scrub technique for 173 participants.
Background: Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) solutions effectively reduce Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) on the face, neck, and back in nonoperative settings. This study compared preoperative application of BPO vs. chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) in decreasing shoulder C acnes skin burden in surgical patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPatients with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) have low bone mass and an atypical skeletal geometry that manifests in a high risk of fractures. Using both in vitro and in vivo models of HGPS, we demonstrate that defects in the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway, seemingly at the level of the efficiency of nuclear import of β-catenin, impair osteoblast differentiation and that restoring β-catenin activity rescues osteoblast differentiation and significantly improves bone mass. Specifically, we show that HGPS patient-derived iPSCs display defects in osteoblast differentiation, characterized by a decreased alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralizing capacity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Massive rotator cuff tears (RCTs) begin as primary tendon injuries and cause a myriad of changes in the muscle, including atrophy, fatty infiltration (FI), and fibrosis. However, it is unclear which changes are most closely associated with muscle function.
Purpose: To determine if FI of the supraspinatus muscle after acute RCT relates to short-term changes in muscle function.
Objective: To determine whether ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous needle tenotomy followed by a platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection would result in pain reduction, functional improvement, or structural alterations in patients with chronic, recalcitrant tendinopathy.
Design: Part A was a retrospective observational study. Part B was a prospective observational study.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the safety of sonographically guided percutaneous finger and thumb first annular (A1) pulley releases performed using needle and hook knife techniques in an unembalmed cadaveric model.
Methods: A single operator completed 50 (40 fingers and 10 thumbs) sonographically guided percutaneous A1 pulley releases in unembalmed cadavers using previously described needle and hook knife techniques and simulated local anesthesia. Half of the fingers and thumbs were completed with each technique.
Objective: To describe a technique for sonographically guided acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injections and compare its accuracy to palpation-guided injections in a cadaveric model.
Design: Prospective laboratory investigation.
Setting: Procedural skills laboratory at a tertiary medical center.
Article Synopsis
- The report explores the benefits of using a medial approach, called the pronator window, for imaging the distal biceps tendon.
- This technique was demonstrated through real-time ultrasound on a healthy volunteer and anatomical dissection of a cadaver.
- The medial approach offers advantages such as better visualization of the tendon, improved contrast at the tendon-artery interface, and fewer obstacles compared to traditional lateral imaging methods.
Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to describe a technique for sonographically guided proximal tibiofibular joint (PTFJ) injections and compare its accuracy with that of palpation guided injections in a cadaveric model.
Methods: A single experienced operator completed 12 sonographically guided and 12 palpation guided PTFJ injections in unembalmed cadavers. The injection order was randomized, and all injections were completed with diluted colored latex.
Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to describe two sonographically guided popliteus tendon sheath injection techniques and determine their accuracy in a cadaveric model.
Methods: A single experienced operator completed 24 sonographically guided popliteus tendon sheath injections, 12 using a longitudinal approach and 12 using a transverse approach relative to the tendon. The injection order was randomized, and all injections were completed with diluted colored latex.