Yeast Culture Supplementation Effects on Systemic and Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes' mRNA Biomarkers of Inflammation and Liver Function in Peripartal Dairy Cows.

This study evaluated the effects of feeding a commercial yeast culture on blood biomarkers and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) gene expression in dairy cows during the transition period until 50 d postpartum. Forty Holstein dairy cows were used in a randomized complete block design from -30 to 50 d. At -30 d, cows were assigned to a basal diet plus 114 g/d of top-dressed ground corn (control; = 20) or 100 g/d of ground corn and 14 g/d of a yeast culture product (YC; = 20).

Latent profile analysis of young adolescents' physical activity across locations on schooldays.

Purpose: To investigate whether adolescents cluster into profiles based on where they accumulate moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), if overall MVPA differs across profiles, and if walking to school and participant and neighborhood characteristics explain profile membership.

Methods: Adolescents (N=528; mean age=14.12±1.

Bringing health into transportation and land use scenario planning: Creating a National Public Health Assessment Model (N-PHAM).

There is mounting evidence linking land development and transportation investments to physical activity with resulting implications for chronic disease prevention. Links between the physical environment and health have traditionally focused on harmful exposures such as air pollution, noise, and traffic injury. Given limited funds and competition for how and where investments are made, there is a need to prioritize and target resources to maximize health benefits that can include activity related chronic disease prevention.

Within-person associations of young adolescents' physical activity across five primary locations: is there evidence of cross-location compensation?

Background: Youth are active in multiple locations, but it is unknown whether more physical activity in one location is associated with less in other locations. This cross-sectional study examines whether on days with more physical activity in a given location, relative to their typical activity in that location, youth had less activity in other locations (i.e.

Locations of Physical Activity as Assessed by GPS in Young Adolescents.

Objectives: To compare adolescents' physical activity at home, near home, at school, near school, and at other locations.

Methods: Adolescents (N = 549) were ages 12 to 16 years (49.9% girls, 31.

Association between neighborhood walkability and GPS-measured walking, bicycling and vehicle time in adolescents.

Objectives: To investigate relations of walking, bicycling and vehicle time to neighborhood walkability and total physical activity in youth.

Methods: Participants (N=690) were from 380 census block groups of high/low walkability and income in two US regions. Home neighborhood residential density, intersection density, retail density, entertainment density and walkability were derived using GIS.

'Putting words into action' project: using role play in skills training.

Research highlights the need to use experienced role-players with skilled facilitation to deliver effective communication skills training (CST) but this is challenging in a large faculty of health. In this pilot project, students from Birmingham City University's School of Acting and role-players from the Learning Disability nursing programme received role-player training (Phase I) before delivering 26 CST sessions to 520 first year BSc nursing students (Phase II), using role-plays based on clinical scenarios in adult, mental health, learning disability and children's nursing. A pre- and post-session survey assessed student confidence, with feedback gathered from role-players, and facilitators.

Development, scoring, and reliability of the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS).

Background: Streetscape (microscale) features of the built environment can influence people's perceptions of their neighborhoods' suitability for physical activity. Many microscale audit tools have been developed, but few have published systematic scoring methods. We present the development, scoring, and reliability of the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS) tool and its theoretically-based subscales.

Predictors of trips to food destinations.

Background: Food environment studies have focused on ethnic and income disparities in food access. Few studies have investigated distance travelled for food and did not aim to inform the geographic scales at which to study the relationship between food environments and obesity. Further, studies have not considered neighborhood design as a predictor of food purchasing behavior.

A hierarchy of sociodemographic and environmental correlates of walking and obesity.

Objectives: Initial studies demonstrate the need for further investigation of how the association of built environment with physical activity and BMI may differ by sociodemographic subgroups. The aim of this study was to use a novel statistical technique to identify possible subgroups.

Methods: Data from the 2002 Strategies for Metro Atlanta's Regional Transportation and Air Quality (SMARTRAQ) study were analyzed to explore relationships between measures of residential density, street connectivity, land use mix, and sociodemographic characteristics of individuals in predicting walking, overweight and obesity status.

Urban form relationships with walk trip frequency and distance among youth.

Purpose: To assess the relationship among objectively measured urban form variables, age, and walking in youth.

Design: Cross-sectional analyses of travel diary data mapped against urban form characteristics within a 1-km buffer of participant's place of residence. Setting.