Longitudinal associations of reproductive factors and exogeneous estrogens with neuroimaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disease.

Introduction: Female-specific reproductive factors and exogeneous estrogen use are associated with cognition in later life. However, the underlying mechanisms are not understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of reproductive factors on neuroimaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebrovascular pathologies.

Associations of reproductive factors and exogenous estrogens with global and domain-specific cognition in later life.

Introduction: Few studies have comprehensively examined the impact of reproductive factors (i.e., reproductive window, parity, hormonal contraception [HC], and menopausal hormone therapy [MHT]) on global and domain-specific cognition in later life.

Preliminary mechanistic insights of a brain-penetrant microtubule imaging PET ligand in a tau-knockout mouse model.

Background: Microtubules (MTs) are critical for cell structure, function, and survival. MT instability may contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis as evidenced by persistent negative regulation (phosphorylation) of the neuronal microtubule-associated protein tau. Hyperphosphorylated tau, not bound to MTs, forms intraneuronal pathology that correlates with dementia and can be tracked using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.

Cross-Sectional Analysis of Burnout, Secondary Traumatic Stress, and Compassion Satisfaction Among Emergency Nurses in Southern California Working Through the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction scores in emergency nurses after working through the COVID-19 pandemic using the Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5 and compare those scores with similar studies conducted before the pandemic.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of a descriptive survey including the Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5 questionnaire was sent to nurses working in the emergency department before 2021 from urban, adult, and pediatric receiving hospitals in Southern California. Results were analyzed to provide insight into the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the levels of burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction compared with prepandemic studies found in the literature using the same Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5 instrument.

Dorsal Raphe 5-HT Neurons Utilize, But Do Not Generate, Negative Aversive Prediction Errors.

The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) contains the largest population of serotonin (5-HT) neurons in the central nervous system. 5-HT, synthesized via tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2), is a widely functioning neuromodulator implicated in fear learning. Here, we sought to investigate whether DRN 5-HT is necessary to reduce fear via negative prediction error (-PE).

Acromioclavicular joint reconstruction implants have differing ability to restore horizontal and vertical plane stability.

Purpose: Persistent acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) instability following high grade injuries causes significant symptoms. The importance of horizontal plane stability is increasingly recognised. There is little evidence of the ability of current implant methods to restore native ACJ stability in the vertical and horizontal planes.

Transcriptome analysis identified the mechanism of synergy between sethoxydim herbicide and a mycoherbicide on green foxtail.

Certain synthetic herbicides can act synergistically with specific bioherbicides. In this study, a sethoxydim herbicide at 0.1× label rate improved biocontrol of herbicide-sensitive green foxtail (Setaria viridis, GFT) by Pyricularia setariae (a fungal bioherbicide agent), but did not change the efficacy on a herbicide-resistant GFT biotype.

Validity and reliability of smartphone inclinometer applications for measurement of elbow range of motion in paediatric patients.

Purpose: Precise measurement of elbow range of motion (ROM) post-injury or surgery forms an important part of determining prognosis and the need for further intervention. Clinicians are increasingly incorporating smartphone use in our medical practice; we sought to determine if a smartphone goniometer application is a valid and reliable tool for assessment of elbow ROM in the paediatric patient, compared to visual and goniometer assessment.

Methods: In total, 20 paediatric patients (40 elbows) between six and 15 years of age with an elbow or forearm injury were included in this prospective series.

The Universal Entry Point with oblique screw is superior to fixation perpendicular to the physis in moderate slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

Purpose: Stable slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is often treated with pinning, with the current gold standard being stabilization with a screw perpendicular to the physis. However, this can lead to impingement and a potentially unstable construct. In this study we model the biomechanical effect of two screw positions used for SCFE fixation.

Ligamentous and capsular restraints to anterior-posterior and superior-inferior laxity of the acromioclavicular joint: a biomechanical study.

Background: Approximately 9% of shoulder girdle injuries involve the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ). There is no clear gold standard or consensus on surgical management of these injuries, in part perpetuated by our incomplete understanding of native ACJ biomechanics. We have therefore conducted a biomechanical study to assess the stabilizing structures of the ACJ in superior-inferior (SI) translation and anterior-posterior (AP) translation.

Quantification of Resting Spores in Soils Using Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR).

, an obligate soilborne pathogen that causes clubroot on Brassica crops, is spreading rapidly in western Canada, threatening canola production in the region. Bioassays and molecular assays have been used to estimate the concentration of resting spores in soil, which can affect clubroot incidence and severity on crops. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a promising new approach for quantification of pathogen inoculum owing to its low sensitivity to inhibitors and consistency at low target concentrations.

Ultrasound in pediatric peripheral nerve injuries: can this affect our surgical decision making? A preliminary report.

Background: The treatment of closed fractures with associated peripheral nerve palsy is controversial. Traditionally, the nerve palsy is managed with watchful waiting and subsequent neurophysiological studies if no improvement is seen within 4 months. This may not be necessary if nerve integrity can be imaged acutely with ultrasound scan.