Longitudinal associations of reproductive factors and exogeneous estrogens with neuroimaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disease.

Introduction: Female-specific reproductive factors and exogeneous estrogen use are associated with cognition in later life. However, the underlying mechanisms are not understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of reproductive factors on neuroimaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebrovascular pathologies.

Associations of reproductive factors and exogenous estrogens with global and domain-specific cognition in later life.

Introduction: Few studies have comprehensively examined the impact of reproductive factors (i.e., reproductive window, parity, hormonal contraception [HC], and menopausal hormone therapy [MHT]) on global and domain-specific cognition in later life.

Dorsal Raphe 5-HT Neurons Utilize, But Do Not Generate, Negative Aversive Prediction Errors.

The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) contains the largest population of serotonin (5-HT) neurons in the central nervous system. 5-HT, synthesized via tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2), is a widely functioning neuromodulator implicated in fear learning. Here, we sought to investigate whether DRN 5-HT is necessary to reduce fear via negative prediction error (-PE).