The immune system of geriatric mice is modulated by estrogenic endocrine disruptors (diethylstilbestrol, alpha-zearalanol, and genistein): effects on interferon-gamma.

The immune system is a potential target for estrogenic endocrine disrupters. To date, there is limited information on whether estrogenic endocrine disruptors modulate the immune system of aged individuals. To address this issue, groups of 74-week-old mice were given nine oral doses of selected estrogenic endocrine disrupters: diethylstilbestrol (DES, 3 microg/100 g bw), alpha-zearalanol (0.

Differential regulation of cytokines and transcription factors in liver by curcumin following hemorrhage/resuscitation.

Inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) have been recognized as important mediators of pathophysiological and immunological events associated with shock. These inflammatory events after hemorrhage and resuscitation are characterized by the activation of transcription regulators such as nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). Curcumin, an anti-inflammatory remedy used in Indian medicine, is known to suppress NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation and also to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injuries in animal models.