Greater sigmoid notch dysplasia causing elbow instability: Lateral ligament reconstruction and Stamp osteotomy.

The coronoid is one of the elbow's primary static stabilisers, and the importance of reconstruction following fracture with instability has been established. In the developing elbow, instability can lead to greater sigmoid notch dysplasia that can make reconstruction challenging. A novel technique to improve osseous stability with an opening wedge 'stamp osteotomy' reconstruction of the coronoid is described combined with a lateral ligament reconstruction, in two patients with recurrent posteromedial rotatory instability.

Carboxylesterase 20 Binds Strigolactone and Increases Branches and Tillers When Ectopically Expressed in and Maize.

Severe drought stress can delay maize silk emergence relative to the pollen shedding period, resulting in poor fertilization and reduced grain yield. Methods to minimize the delay in silking could thus improve yield stability. An enhancer-tagged carboxylesterase 20 () line was identified in a drought tolerance screen.

Overexpression of increases maize grain yield in the field.

Increasing maize grain yield has been a major focus of both plant breeding and genetic engineering to meet the global demand for food, feed, and industrial uses. We report that increasing and extending expression of a maize MADS-box transcription factor gene, , under the control of a moderate-constitutive maize promoter, results in maize plants with increased plant growth, photosynthesis capacity, and nitrogen utilization. Molecular and biochemical characterization of transgenic plants demonstrated that their enhanced agronomic traits are associated with elevated plant carbon assimilation, nitrogen utilization, and plant growth.

Project to improve storage, access and incorporation of advance care plans in a regional Australian hospital.

Problem: Despite acknowledged benefits, the impact of advance care planning on usual care is inconsistent.

Design: Quality improvement study.

Setting: A Western Australian regional hospital.

Arginine in the FARM and SARM: A Role in Chain-Length Determination for Arginine in the Aspartate-Rich Motifs of Isoprenyl Diphosphate Synthases from .

Isoprenyl chains are found in many important metabolites. These are derived from precursors of the appropriate length produced by isoprenyl diphosphate synthases (IDSs). The human pathogen makes various isoprenoids/terpenoids, with important roles in their biosynthesis played by two closely related IDSs, encoded by (Rv0562) and (Rv0989c), with Rv0989c generating the 10-carbon precursor ()-geranyl diphosphate (GPP), and Rv0562 the 20-carbon precursor ()-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP).

Rv0989c encodes a novel (E)-geranyl diphosphate synthase facilitating decaprenyl diphosphate biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has a highly complex cell wall, which is required for both bacterial survival and infection. Cell wall biosynthesis is dependent on decaprenyl diphosphate as a glyco-carrier, which is hence an essential metabolite in this pathogen. Previous biochemical studies indicated (E)-geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is required for the synthesis of decaprenyl diphosphate.

Regional risk assessment as a part of the long-term receiving water study.

A regional-scale watershed assessment using the relative risk model has now been performed on each of the watersheds that are part of the Long-Term Receiving Waters Study (LTRWS) to generate patterns of risk at each study site. The watersheds assessed included the lower McKenzie and mid-Willamette rivers in Oregon, USA; Codorus Creek in Pennsylvania, USA; and the Leaf River in Mississippi, USA. In each case, the goal was to put the LTRWS into a watershed and regional context, including multiple sources, stressors, habitats, and assessment endpoints.