The apolipoprotein(a) gene: linkage disequilibria at three loci differs in African Americans and Caucasians.

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is an independent, genetically regulated cardiovascular risk factor. Lp(a) plasma levels are largely determined by the apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) component, and differ across ethnicity. Although a number of polymorphisms in the apo(a) gene have been identified, apo(a) genetic regulation is not fully understood.

High levels of inflammatory biomarkers are associated with increased allele-specific apolipoprotein(a) levels in African-Americans.

Background: A role of inflammation for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is established. Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an independent CVD risk factor where plasma levels are determined by the apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] gene, which contains inflammatory response elements.

Design: We investigated the effect of inflammation on allele-specific apo(a) levels in African-Americans and Caucasians.

Selling before telling: why the government needs to take a second look at genetically engineered foods.

This article documents the early warning signs of health and environmental dangers of DDT, vinyl chloride, and leaded gasoline. In each case, industry scientists and/or public health officials warned of potential hazards but their advice was ignored at great cost to human health and the environment. Now, genetically engineered (GE) foods have been introduced to our food supply and exhibit many of the same early warning signs.

ApoE genotype affects allele-specific apo[a] levels for large apo[a] sizes in African Americans: the Harlem-Basset Study.

The genetic variability of apolipoprotein E (apoE) influences plasma lipoprotein levels, and allele frequencies differ between African Americans and Caucasians. As African Americans have higher lipoprotein [a] (Lp[a]) levels than Caucasians, we investigated the effects of the apoE gene on allele-specific apolipoprotein [a] (apo[a]) levels across ethnicity. We determined apo[a] sizes, allele-specific apo[a] levels (i.

Protective effect of apolipoprotein E2 on coronary artery disease in African Americans is mediated through lipoprotein cholesterol.

We studied the relationship of apolipoprotein E (apoE) isoforms and coronary artery disease (CAD) in 224 African Americans and 326 Caucasians undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography. The presence of CAD was defined as >50% stenosis in at least one artery. ApoE allele frequencies were 0.

Apo[a] size and PNR explain African American-Caucasian differences in allele-specific apo[a] levels for small but not large apo[a].

Apolipoprotein [a] (apo[a]) gene size is a major predictor of lipoprotein [a] level. To determine genetic predictors of allele-specific apo[a] levels beyond gene size, we evaluated the upstream C/T and pentanucleotide repeat (PNR) polymorphisms. We determined apo[a] sizes, allele-specific apo[a] levels, and C/T and PNR in 215 Caucasians and 139 African Americans.

Apolipoprotein [a] genotype influences isoform dominance pattern differently in African Americans and Caucasians.

Plasma lipoprotein [a] (Lp[a]) concentrations are inversely associated with, and largely determined by, apolipoprotein [a] (apo[a]) gene size, a highly polymorphic trait. We studied if, within an individual, the smaller apo[a] isoform always dominated, whether there was interaction between the two alleles, and whether these features differed between Caucasians and African Americans. We determined apo[a] gene sizes, apo[a] protein sizes and relative amounts, and plasma Lp[a] levels in 430 individuals (263 Caucasians and 167 African Americans).

Apolipoprotein E and diets: a case of gene-nutrient interaction?

Apolipoprotein E has key functions in lipoprotein metabolism, and polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein E gene are associated with distinct lipoprotein patterns. The possibility of gene-nutrient interactions for apolipoprotein E has been addressed in many studies. Although results have generally been mixed, the indications for such an interaction have been more common in studies employing a metabolic challenge.