Turned away and sleeping apart: A qualitative study on women's perspectives and experiences with family planning denial in Malawi.

Introduction: Barriers to family planning for potential clients have been explored in the literature, but rarely from the perspective of the women themselves in a low-income setting. This research aimed to understand clients' perspectives on being turned away from receiving a method of family planning at a facility on the day it was sought.

Methods: Three focus group discussions were held in two districts of Malawi in 2019 with clients who had been turned away approximately three to six months prior.

Casting a Wide Net: HIV Drug Resistance Monitoring in Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Seroconverters in the Global Evaluation of Microbicide Sensitivity Project.

Background: Evidence of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in individuals using oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) who acquire HIV is limited to clinical trials and case studies. More data are needed to understand the risk of HIVDR with oral PrEP during PrEP rollout. Mechanisms to collect these data vary, and are dependent on cost, scale of PrEP distribution, and in-country infrastructure for the identification, collection, and testing of samples from PrEP seroconverters.

Turned Away and at Risk: Denial of Family Planning Services to Women in Malawi.

Family planning (FP) has been a development priority since the mid-1990s, yet barriers to access persist globally, including women being turned away from facilities without a method. This study aimed to assess the extent of, and reasons for, FP turnaway in three districts of Malawi. In 2019, data collectors screened women exiting 30 health facilities and surveyed those who had been denied a method.

The Provider Role and Perspective in the Denial of Family Planning Services to Women in Malawi: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Family planning (FP) has been a global health priority for decades, yet barriers persist, including women being turned away from facilities without receiving services. This study assessed the provider role and perspective in client turnaway in three districts of Malawi. In 2019, data collectors surveyed 57 FP providers from 30 health facilities.

Higher Peak Fat Oxidation During Rowing vs. Cycling in Active Men and Women.

Astorino, TA, Oriente, C, Peterson, J, Alberto, G, Castillo, EE, Vasquez-Soto, U, Ibarra, E, Guise, V, Castaneda, I, Marroquin, JR, Dargis, R, and Thum, JS. Higher peak fat oxidation during rowing vs. cycling in active men and women.

Over the counter: The potential for easing pharmacy provision of family planning in urban Senegal.

This research assessed the potential for expanding access to family planning through private sector pharmacies in Senegal, by examining the quality of the services provided through private sector pharmacies, and pharmacy staff and client interest in private sector pharmacy-based family planning services. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted in eight urban districts in and around Dakar and two urban districts outside of Dakar employing an audit of 225 pharmacies, a survey with 486 private sector pharmacy staff and a survey with 3,567 women exiting private sector pharmacies. Most (54%) pharmacies reported offering method-specific counseling to clients.

Vaginal ring acceptability and related preferences among women in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and narrative synthesis.

The vaginal ring (VR) is a female-initiated drug-delivery platform used for different indications, including HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We conducted a systematic review of VR acceptability, values and preferences among women in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) to inform further investment and/or guidance on VR use for HIV prevention. Following PRISMA guidelines, we used structured methods to search, screen, and extract data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies reporting quantitative outcomes of acceptability of the VR for any indication published 1/1970-2/2019 (PROSPERO: CRD42019122220).

Indicators for Monitoring and Evaluation of Community-Based Injectable Contraception: Multisourced Process and New Global Guidance.

For many women, convenient access to family planning in their communities provides the impetus they need to start and maintain use of a family planning method. The benefits of family planning task shifting, which allows community health workers (CHWs) to provide methods such as oral contraceptive pills and injectables within communities, were publicly recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2009. WHO's 2012 global guidelines on task sharing recommended CHW provision of injectable contraception, accompanied by targeted monitoring and evaluation (M&E); however, the term "targeted" was not defined.

To be continued: family planning continuation among the urban poor in Senegal, a prospective, longitudinal descriptive study.

Given the role that continued use of family planning (FP) by current users plays in increasing contraceptive prevalence rates (CPR), this research aims to measure method-specific continuation rates for fixed-site and community-based program interventions and to document reasons for discontinuation.  This research compared discontinuation rates for clients initiating family planning through two types of strategies-services provided at existing health centers that provided regular, ongoing services, and "one-off" outreach services in communities.  Data collectors surveyed consenting clients who were initiating a modern method, or reinitiating after a break of at least six months, and conducted a follow up survey after seven months.

Edentulation alters material properties of cortical bone in the human craniofacial skeleton: functional implications for craniofacial structure in primate evolution.

Skeletal adaptations to reduced function are an important source of skeletal variation and may be indicative of environmental pressures that lead to evolutionary changes. Humans serve as a model animal to investigate the effects of loss of craniofacial function through edentulation. In the human maxilla, it is known that edentulation leads to significant changes in skeletal structure such as residual ridge resorption and loss of cortical thickness.

Material properties of the dentate maxilla.

The aim of this study was to determine regional variability of material properties in the dentate maxilla. Cortical samples were removed from 15 sites of 15 adult dentate fresh-frozen maxillas. Cortical thickness, density, elastic properties, and the direction of greatest stiffness were obtained.

The association between incisor trauma and occlusal characteristics in individuals 8-50 years of age.

To explore the association between incisal trauma and occlusal characteristics using oral examination and health interview data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-1994 (NHANES III). Incisal trauma examinations were performed on 15 364 individuals 6-50 years of age using an ordinal scale developed by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. Occlusal examinations were performed on 13 057 individuals 8-50 years of age.

Material properties of the human cranial vault and zygoma.

The material properties of cortical bone from the diaphyses of long bones (e.g., the femur and tibia) vary by direction, such that bone is stiffer and stronger along its long axis.

Material properties of the inner and outer cortical tables of the human parietal bone.

Even though the cranial vault functions as protection for the brain and as a support structure for facial and masticatory functions, little is known about its mechanical properties or their variations. The cranial vault bone is interesting because of its maintenance in spite of low functional strains, and because calvarial bone cells are often used in cell culture studies. We measured thickness, density, and ash weight, and ultrasonically determined elastic properties throughout the cortices of 10 human parietal bones.