Maternal and pregnancy factors contributing to the association between area deprivation and infant mortality in England: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Socioeconomic inequality in infant mortality in the UK is rising. This study aims to identify contributory maternal and pregnancy factors that can explain the known association between area deprivation and infant mortality.

Methods: A cohort study was conducted using Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) primary care data between 2004 and 2019 linked to the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), and infant mortality from the Office for National Statistics death data.

Hospital admissions for anxiety disorder, depression, and bipolar disorder and venous thromboembolism: A UK biobank prospective cohort study.

Background: Few studies have investigated whether and which anxiety and affective disorders are associated with the risk of venous thromboembolism. We aimed to examine whether anxiety disorder, depression, and bipolar disorder increase the risk of venous thromboembolism, independent of socioeconomic confounders and each other, in a UK general population.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study using UK Biobank.

Health and Lifestyle Factors and Dementia Risk Among Former Professional Soccer Players.

Importance: Elite-level contact sport participation is associated with increased dementia risk, which may be attributable to sport-related traumatic brain injury and repetitive head impact exposure. However, the contribution of wider, potentially modifiable dementia risk factors remains uncertain.

Objective: To explore the association of potentially modifiable dementia risk factors with dementia risk among former professional soccer players.

Routine measurement of cardiometabolic disease risk factors in primary care in England before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic: A population-based cohort study.

Background: This study estimated to what extent the number of measurements of cardiometabolic risk factors (e.g., blood pressure, cholesterol, glycated haemoglobin) were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and whether these have recovered to expected levels.

A Proteomics-Based Approach for Prediction of Different Cardiovascular Diseases and Dementia.

Background: Many studies have explored whether individual plasma protein biomarkers improve cardiovascular disease risk prediction. We sought to investigate the use of a plasma proteomics-based approach in predicting different cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods: Among 51 859 UK Biobank participants (mean age, 56.

Adding traditional and emerging biomarkers for risk assessment in secondary prevention: A prospective cohort study of 20,656 patients with cardiovascular disease.

Background: This study aims to explore whether conventional and emerging biomarkers could improve risk discrimination and calibration in secondary prevention of recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), based on a model using predictors from SMART2.

Methods: In a cohort of 20,658 UK Biobank participants with medical history of ASCVD, we analysed any improvement in C indices and net reclassification index (NRI) for future ASCVD events, following addition of LP-a, ApoB, cystatin C, HbA1c, GGT, AST, ALT, and ALP, to a model with predictors used in SMART2 for the outcome of recurrent major cardiovascular event. We also examined any improvement in C indices and NRIs replacing creatinine based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with cystatin C based estimates.

Associations of Serum Lipid Traits With Fracture and Osteoporosis: A Prospective Cohort Study From the UK Biobank.

Background: Previous studies reveal inconsistent associations between serum lipid traits and the risks of fractures and osteoporosis in the general population.

Methods: This prospective cohort study analysed data from 414 302 UK Biobank participants (223 060 women and 191 242 men, aged 37-73 years) with serum lipid measurements: apolipoprotein A (Apo A), apolipoprotein B (Apo B), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and lipoprotein A (Lp(a)). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models with penalized cubic splines were used to explore potential nonlinear associations of each lipid trait with the risks of fractures and osteoporosis.

Childhood maltreatment, adulthood obesity and incident type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study using UK Biobank.

Background: This study aims to explore the association of childhood maltreatment with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood, and whether obesity is a mediator of the latter.

Methods: In a retrospective cohort study using UK Biobank data, participants recalled childhood maltreatment. Linear regression, logistic regression, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the associations with body mass index (BMI), obesity, and T2D, adjusted for sociodemographic factors.

In which common chronic conditions can (or cannot) obesity and lifestyle factors explain higher concentrations of C-reactive protein?

Aim: Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, is common in many chronic conditions. We aimed to examine to what extent elevated CRP in chronic conditions could be explained by concurrent adiposity.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study analysed UK Biobank data on 10 chronic conditions reported at baseline.

Change in physical activity and its association with decline in kidney function: A UK Biobank-based cohort study.

Background: Previous research on the association between physical activity (PA) and kidney function is inconsistent. The association between muscle mass and serum creatinine (SCr) may have implications for interpreting the effect of PA on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Few studies have reported changes in physical activity and changes in kidney function.

Diet modifies the association between alcohol consumption and severe alcohol-related liver disease incidence.

It is elusive why some heavy drinkers progress to severe alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) while others do not. This study aimed to investigate if the association between alcohol consumption and severe ALD is modified by diet. This prospective study included 303,269 UK Biobank participants.

Educational outcomes among children with congenital heart disease compared to peers: a Scotland-wide record-linkage study of 715,850 schoolchildren.

Background: Nine in every thousand children born in the United Kingdom have congenital heart disease, and 250,000 adults are living with the condition. This study aims to investigate the associations between congenital heart disease and educational outcomes among school-aged children in Scotland.

Methods: Routine health and education databases were linked to produce a cohort of all singleton children born in Scotland and attending a local authority run primary, secondary, or special school in Scotland at some point between 2009 and 2013.

Methods applied to neonatal dried blood spot samples for secondary research purposes: a scoping review.

This scoping review aimed to synthesize the analytical techniques used and methodological limitations encountered when undertaking secondary research using residual neonatal dried blood spot (DBS) samples. Studies that used residual neonatal DBS samples for secondary research (i.e.

How do lifestyle factors modify the association between genetic predisposition and obesity-related phenotypes? A 4-way decomposition analysis using UK Biobank.

Background: Obesity and central obesity are multifactorial conditions with genetic and non-genetic (lifestyle and environmental) contributions. There is incomplete understanding of whether lifestyle modifies the translation from respective genetic risks into phenotypic obesity and central obesity, and to what extent genetic predisposition to obesity and central obesity is mediated via lifestyle factors.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 201,466 (out of approximately 502,000) European participants from UK Biobank and tested for interactions and mediation role of lifestyle factors (diet quality; physical activity levels; total energy intake; sleep duration, and smoking and alcohol intake) between genetic risk for obesity and central obesity.

Adherence to dietary recommendations by socioeconomic status in the United Kingdom biobank cohort study.

Introduction: Understanding how socioeconomic markers interact could inform future policies aimed at increasing adherence to a healthy diet.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 437,860 participants from the UK Biobank. Dietary intake was self-reported.

Schizophrenia and Types of Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Previous studies suggest an association between schizophrenia and stroke, but no studies have investigated stroke subtypes. We examined potential causal associations between schizophrenia and a range of atherosclerotic, embolic, and hemorrhagic stroke outcomes.

Methods And Results: Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted.

Prospective study design and data analysis in UK Biobank.

Population-based prospective studies, such as UK Biobank, are valuable for generating and testing hypotheses about the potential causes of human disease. We describe how UK Biobank's study design, data access policies, and approaches to statistical analysis can help to minimize error and improve the interpretability of research findings, with implications for other population-based prospective studies being established worldwide.

Cross-Regional Data Initiative for the Assessment and Development of Treatment for Neurological and Mental Disorders.

Purpose: To describe and categorize detailed components of databases in the Neurological and Mental Health Global Epidemiology Network (NeuroGEN).

Methods: An online 132-item questionnaire was sent to key researchers and data custodians of NeuroGEN in North America, Europe, Asia and Oceania. From the responses, we assessed data characteristics including population coverage, data follow-up, clinical information, validity of diagnoses, medication use and data latency.

Association between menstrual cycle phase and metabolites in healthy, regularly menstruating women in UK Biobank, and effect modification by inflammatory markers and risk factors for metabolic disease.

Background: Preliminary evidence demonstrates some parameters of metabolic control, including glycaemic control, lipid control and insulin resistance, vary across the menstrual cycle. However, the literature is inconsistent, and the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the association between the menstrual cycle phase and metabolites and to explore potential mediators and moderators of these associations.

True prevalence of long-COVID in a nationwide, population cohort study.

Long-COVID prevalence estimates vary widely and should take account of symptoms that would have occurred anyway. Here we determine the prevalence of symptoms attributable to SARS-CoV-2 infection, taking account of background rates and confounding, in a nationwide population cohort study of 198,096 Scottish adults. 98,666 (49.

Life expectancy can increase by up to 10 years following sustained shifts towards healthier diets in the United Kingdom.

Adherence to healthy dietary patterns can prevent the development of non-communicable diseases and affect life expectancy. Here, using a prospective population-based cohort data from the UK Biobank, we show that sustained dietary change from unhealthy dietary patterns to the Eatwell Guide dietary recommendations is associated with 8.9 and 8.