Pharmacological intervention for diabetes after pregnancy prevention in women with prior gestational diabetes: A scoping review.

Women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of developing diabetes after pregnancy (DAP), especially 5-10 years postpartum. Two well-known diabetes prevention trials demonstrated a significant reduction in DAP incidence using metformin and troglitazone; however, since their publication, several novel classes of anti-hyperglycemic agents have emerged. This review aimed to conduct a systematic literature search for new evidence in support of pharmacotherapy in DAP prevention and to analyze the results based on special considerations for women of reproductive potential.

Effects of Cannabis Use in Youth and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: The Highs, the Lows, the Don't Knows.

Our objective was to address the request by our Diabetes Canada/Canadian Institutes of Health Research-funded Virtual Patient Network (VPN) of youth and young adults with type 1 diabetes for information on the impact of cannabis use on type 1 diabetes. To respond to this patient-initiated request, we conducted a literature search in PubMed, with search terms relevant to the following: cannabis use in youth with type 1 diabetes, effects of cannabis use on glycemic control and diabetic emergencies and immune-modulating properties of cannabis. These were synthesized in a narrative review.

A thyroid gland with over 30 foci of papillary thyroid carcinoma with activating BRAF V600E mutation.

Multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is common and the number of tumor foci rarely exceeds ten. The mechanism of multifocal disease is debated, with the two main hypotheses consisting of either intrathyroidal metastatic spread from a single tumor or independent multicentric tumorigenesis from distinct progenitor cells. We report the case of a 46-year-old woman who underwent total thyroidectomy and left central neck lymph node dissection after fine-needle aspiration of bilateral thyroid nodules that yielded cytological findings consistent with PTC.

Low dietary folate and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency may lead to pregnancy complications through modulation of ApoAI and IFN-γ in spleen and placenta, and through reduction of methylation potential.

Scope: Genetic or nutritional disturbances in folate metabolism lead to hyperhomocysteinemia and adverse reproductive outcomes. Folate-dependent homocysteine remethylation is required for methylation reactions and may influence choline/betaine metabolism. Hyperhomocysteinemia has been suggested to play a role in inflammation.

Disturbed one-carbon metabolism causing adverse reproductive outcomes in mice is associated with altered expression of apolipoprotein AI and inflammatory mediators PPARα, interferon-γ, and interleukin-10.

Low dietary choline or deficiency of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (Mthfr) leads to hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhcy) and adverse reproductive outcomes. Homocysteine reduces synthesis of ApoAI, the major lipoprotein in HDL-cholesterol; ApoAI is regulated by PPARα and has antiinflammatory properties. Our aim was to determine whether pregnancy complications due to genetic or nutritional deficiencies in 1-carbon metabolism could relate to dysregulation of ApoAI and inflammatory mediators.