J Child Adolesc Ment Health
September 2017
Objective: Chronic pain is common in paediatric populations and many patients do not respond to the currently available evidence-based treatments. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have a growing evidence-base in adults, but evidence is limited in youth with chronic pain.
Methods: We conducted an open-label pilot study to test the feasibility of an 8-week MBI for this population.
Background: Spinal fusion is a common orthopedic surgery in children and adolescents and is associated with high pain levels postoperatively. If the pain is not well managed, negative outcomes may ensue. To our knowledge, there is no measure in English that assesses patient's satisfaction with postoperative pain management following idiopathic scoliosis surgery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives/hypothesis: To date, there has been little research on shared decision making and decisional outcomes in pediatric surgery. The objectives of this study were to describe the level of decisional conflict and decisional regret experienced by parents considering otoplasty for their children, and to determine if they are related to perceptions of shared decision making.
Study Design: Prospective cohort clinical study.
Objective: To evaluate parental recall of surgical risks and benefits in pediatric otolaryngology and to assess for factors that may influence recall.
Study Design: Prospective cohort study.
Setting: Academic pediatric otolaryngology clinic.
The field of pediatric pain research began in the mid-1970s and has undergone significant growth and development in recent years as evidenced by the variety of books, conferences, and journals on the topic and also the number of disciplines engaged in work in this area. Using categorical and bibliometric meta-trend analysis, this study offers a synthesis of research on pediatric pain published between 1975 and 2010 in peer-reviewed journals. Abstracts from 4256 articles, retrieved from Web of Science, were coded across 4 categories: article type, article topic, type and age of participants, and pain stimulus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdolescents with chronic pain frequently perceive a lack of support from friends. Support from a peer with a shared experience has been found to provide emotional, informational, and appraisal support. We sought to quantify the frequency with which adolescents with chronic pain want to befriend other adolescents with chronic pain, and to describe the features of these friendships.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol
July 2015
Objective: To understand the source of parents' knowledge prior to and desire for further information following pediatric otolaryngology surgical consultations.
Methods: Mixed-methods approach using descriptive and qualitative content analysis of interviews with parents following otolaryngology consultations for children under the age of 6 years was performed. The children were being seen for either tonsillitis, obstructive sleep apnea, otitis media, and/or sinusitis/nasal obstruction.
Background: As a result of cost-containment efforts, preparation programs for outpatient surgery are currently not available to the majority of children and parents. The recent dramatic growth in the Internet presents a unique opportunity to transform how children and their parents are prepared for surgery. In this article, we describe the development of a Web-based Tailored Intervention for Preparation of parents and children undergoing Surgery (WebTIPS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To provide a concise and practical guide to the development, modification, and use of behavioral coding schemes for observational data in pediatric psychology.
Methods: This article provides a review of relevant literature and experience in developing and refining behavioral coding schemes.
Results: A step-by-step guide to developing and/or modifying behavioral coding schemes is provided.
Background: Thousands of children undergo surgery each year, and a shift toward same-day surgeries and decreased lengths of hospital stay results in parents being increasingly responsible for their child's postoperative care. Recent studies have tested interventions designed to improve parent management of their children's postoperative pain at home, but progress in this area has been limited by a lack of synthesis of these findings.
Objective: To conduct a systematic review of interventions to improve parent management of children's postoperative pain at home.
Purpose: This review article explores the need for specialized pain care for children and adolescents and provides some historical context for our current knowledge base and clinical practice.
Principal Findings: Pediatric patients have specialized needs with respect to assessment and management of pain. Acute pain care is modified by developmental considerations in both these areas; chronic pain encompasses a wide range of complex developmental, social, and psychological factors requiring the skills of different health disciplines to provide the best care.
Background: Adverse health care events are injuries occurring as a result of patient care. Significant acute pain is often caused by medical and surgical procedures in children, and it has been argued that undermanaged pain should be considered to be an adverse event. Indicators are often used to identify other potential adverse events.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Typical interventions for acute pain in children attempt to reduce pain by directing attention away from pain. Conversely, mindfulness involves devoting attention to one's experience in an accepting and nonjudgmental way. However, the effect that instructing children to mindfully devote attention to acute pain has on pain outcomes is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Many children experience significant distress before and after surgery. Previous studies indicate that healthcare providers' and parents' behaviors may influence children's outcomes. This study examines the influence of adults' behaviors on children's distress and coping in the postanesthesia care unit.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To determine whether a parent-youth teamwork intervention improved medication adherence and related outcomes among youth with asthma.
Methods: We used a randomized clinical trial with 48 youth (aged 9-15 years) assigned to 1 of 3 groups: Teamwork Intervention (TI), Asthma Education (AE), or Standard Care (SC). Treatment occurred across 2 months, with a 3-month follow-up assessment.
Background: Anesthesia induction in children is frequently achieved by inhalation of nitrous oxide and sevoflurane. Pediatric anesthesiologists commonly use distraction techniques such as humor or nonprocedural talk to reduce anxiety and facilitate a smooth transition at this critical phase. There is a large body of successful distraction research that explores the use of video and television distraction methods for minor medical and dental procedures, but little research on the use of this method for ambulatory surgery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To develop and validate a behavioral coding measure, the Children's Behavior Coding System-PACU (CBCS-P), for children's distress and nondistress behaviors while in the postanesthesia recovery unit.
Methods: A multidisciplinary team examined videotapes of children in the PACU and developed a coding scheme that subsequently underwent a refinement process (CBCS-P). To examine the reliability and validity of the coding system, 121 children and their parents were videotaped during their stay in the PACU.
Background: Each year more than 4 million children experience significant levels of preoperative anxiety, which has been linked to poor recovery outcomes. Healthcare providers (HCPs) and parents represent key resources for children to help them manage their preoperative anxiety. The current study reports on the development and preliminary feasibility testing of a new intervention designed to change HCP and parent perioperative behaviors that have been reported previously to be associated with children's coping and stress behaviors before surgery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: The purpose of this study was to conduct a prospective assessment of preoperative anxiety in adolescents undergoing surgery.
Aim: To systematically conduct a multimodal evaluation of preoperative anxiety in adolescents undergoing surgery.
Background: The existing literature on preoperative anxiety in children has overwhelmingly ignored adolescents in the surgical setting, yet adolescents may be at risk for undertreatment of preoperative anxiety.
Objectives: Previous studies suggested that parents frequently do not adequately treat postoperative pain that is experienced at home. Reasons for these parental practices have not been extensively studied. Aims of this study were to examine parental postoperative pain assessment and management practices at home as well potential attitudinal barriers to such pain practices.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Pediatric psychologists are often interested in interactions among individuals (e.g., doctors and patients, parents and children).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives And Aim: The goal of this randomized controlled trial was to examine the effect of intraoperative positive therapeutic suggestion on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in children undergoing general anesthesia and otolaryngological surgery.
Background: Because of the high incidence of PONV following otolaryngological surgery and its negative impact on recovery, researchers have examined various nonpharmacological interventions to target this phenomenon. To date, the effectiveness of therapeutic suggestion has not been studied in children.
Background: To date, no study has evaluated the impact of specific healthcare provider and parent behaviors on children's distress and coping during anesthesia induction.
Method: Extensive digital video data were collected on 293 two- to ten-yr-old children undergoing anesthesia induction with a parent present. Anesthesiologist, nurse, and parent behavior and children's distress and coping were coded using the Revised Preoperative Child-Adult Medical Procedure Interaction Scale administered using specialized coding software.