Periodontitis and diabetes mellitus co-morbidity: A molecular dialogue.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontitis are two biologically linked diseases that often coexist in complex interaction. While periodontitis may lead to insulin receptor desensitization, diabetes may increase the expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6), in the gingival crevicular fluid and activate osteoclasts via Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANK-L) production, leading to bone resorption. However, the association between the two diseases processes, where one may exacerbate the progression of the other, is unclear.

Rosmarinic Acid/ Blue Light Combination Treatment Inhibits Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma .

Background/aim: This study investigated a novel combined therapy of rosmarinic acid (RA)/blue light on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell proliferation in vitro.

Materials And Methods: HNSCC cells were exposed to BL (500 mW/cm) for 90 s, and incubated with 80 μg/ml RA for 1 hour. Cell viability was determined after 24 h using WST-1 assay.

The mouse Gene Expression Database (GXD): 2019 update.

The mouse Gene Expression Database (GXD) is an extensive, well-curated community resource freely available at www.informatics.jax.

Biological effects of Ni(II) on monocytes and macrophages in normal and hyperglycemic environments.

Corrosion and release of nickel ions from biomedical alloys are well documented, but little is still known about the effects of released nickel ions on cellular function with recurrent inflammatory challenges. Evidence suggests Ni(II) ions amplify LPS-induced secretion of several pro-inflammatory cytokines from monocytes. Exacerbating the inflammatory response, hyperglycemic conditions also affect monocytic function.

The mouse Gene Expression Database (GXD): 2017 update.

The Gene Expression Database (GXD; www.informatics.jax.

Inherent physical characteristics and gene expression differences between alveolar and basal bones.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the baseline differences between alveolar and basal areas of the rat mandible.

Study Design: Rat mandibular alveolar and basal bones were evaluated using histology and micro-computed tomography to compare osteocyte number as well as bone density and architecture and polymerase chain reaction to measure gene expression levels.

Results: Micro-computed tomography data indicated that basal bone is denser and less porous than alveolar bone.

Blue light activates phase 2 response proteins and slows growth of a431 epidermoid carcinoma xenografts.

Background: Recent studies suggest that light in the UVA range (320-400 nm) activates signaling pathways that are anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and play a critical role in protection against cancer. These effects have been attributed to NF-E2-related factor (NRF2)-mediated up-regulation of 'phase 2' genes that neutralize oxidative stress and metabolize electrophiles. We had previously shown that small doses of blue light (400-500 nm) had selective toxicity for cultured oral tumor cells and increased levels of peroxiredoxin phase 2 proteins, which led to our hypothesis that blue light activates NRF2 signaling.

Cytotoxicity of endodontic sealers after one year of aging in vitro.

The in vitro cytotoxic response to endodontic sealers was assessed for one year. AH-Plus (AHP), Epiphany (EPH), EndoRez (ER), Guttaflow (GF), InnoEndo (IN), and Pulp Canal Sealer (PCS) were exposed to mouse osteoblasts and human monocytes after curing, 52 weeks of aging, and after resurfacing post-aging; cellular response was estimated by succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. The effect of materials on TNFα secretion from activated (LPS) and inactivated monocytes also was measured.

"Txt"-induced seizures indicating reading epilepsy in the mobile phone age.

Reading epilepsy is a rare type of reflex epilepsy. The seizures often comprise facial twitching and alexia, but can be difficult to recognise and mistaken for non-epileptic events. Previous reports have identified reading of printed text, television and computer screens as inducing seizures, but hand-held digital media have not been implicated.

Dysregulation of monocytic cytokine secretion by endodontic sealers.

Recent studies have reported that sealers may alter the secretion of specific cytokines from THP1 monocytic cells in vitro. In this study, a cytokine array was used to determine if endodontic sealers changed secretion of 42 cytokines. White mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA), MTA preparation (CS), AH-Plus (AHP), and Pulp Canal Sealer (PCS) were mixed, allowed to set for 72 h, then "aged" in buffered-saline for 12 weeks.

Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene-silencing inhibits key tumorigenic activities in human oral cancer cell line, OSC2.

Background: We determined recently that dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), a member of the SIBLING (Small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins) family of phosphoglycoproteins, is highly upregulated in human oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) where upregulation is associated with tumor aggressiveness. To investigate the effects of DSPP-silencing on the tumorigenic profiles of the oral cancer cell line, OSC2, short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) interference was employed to silence DSPP in OSC2 cells.

Methodology/principal Findings: Multiple regions of DSPP transcript were targeted for shRNA interference using hDSP-shRNA lentiviral particles designed to silence DSPP gene expression.

Cytotoxic response of three cell lines exposed in vitro to dental endodontic sealers.

The in vitro cytotoxicity of five endodontic sealers was measured >8-12 weeks using L929 mouse fibroblasts, osteoblastic cells (ROS) 17/2.8 rat osteoblasts, and MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblasts. Discs (n = 6) of AH-plus Jet (AHP), two versions of Endo Rez (ER, ERx), Epiphany (EPH), and Pulp Canal Sealer (PCS) were prepared.

Effect of systemic parathyroid hormone (1-34) and a beta-tricalcium phosphate biomaterial on local bone formation in a critical-size rat calvarial defect model.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate local bone formation following systemic administration of parathyroid hormone (1-34) (PTH), a surgically implanted synthetic beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) bone biomaterial serving as a matrix to support new bone formation.

Materials And Methods: Critical-size, 8 mm, calvarial through-and-through osteotomy defects were surgically created in 100 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were randomized into five groups of 20 animals each to receive one of the following treatments: PTH (15 microg PTH/kg/day; subcutaneously), PTH/beta-TCP, beta-TCP, or particulate human demineralized freeze-dried bone (DFDB), and sham-surgery controls.

Cytotoxicity, calcium release, and pH changes generated by novel calcium phosphate cement formulations.

Few published studies describe the biological properties of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) for dental applications. We measured several biologically relevant properties of 3 CPCs over an extended (8 wk) interval. Monocalcium phosphate, calcium oxide, and synthetic hydroxyapatite were combined with either modified polyacrylic acid, light-activated modified polyalkenoic acid, or 35% w/w polymethyl vinyl ether maleic acid to obtain Types I, II, and III CPCs, respectively.

Corrosion of phosphate-enriched titanium oxide surface dental implants (TiUnite) under in vitro inflammatory and hyperglycemic conditions.

Endosseous dental implants use is increasing in patients with systemic conditions that compromise wound healing. Manufacturers recently have redesigned implants to ensure more reliable and faster osseointegration. One design strategy has been to create a porous phosphate-enriched titanium oxide (TiUnite) surface to increase surface area and enhance interactions with bone.

Exogenous expression of caspase-14 induces tumor suppression in human salivary cancer cells by inhibiting tumor vascularization.

Background: Current therapeutic approaches to salivary gland cancer are often associated with severe disfigurement and loss of glandular function, which are traumatic to the patients. Exploration of novel treatment approaches, such as gene therapy, is needed.

Materials And Methods: The human salivary gland cancer cell line HSG was transiently transfected with full length human caspase-14 cDNA.

Peroxotitanates for biodelivery of metals.

Metal-based drugs are largely undeveloped in pharmacology. One limiting factor is the systemic toxicity of metal-based compounds. A solid-phase, sequestratable delivery agent for local delivery of metals could reduce systemic toxicity, facilitating new drug development in this nascent area.

Titanate particles as agents to deliver gold compounds to fibroblasts and monocytes.

Titanates are inorganic compounds with high affinity for specific metal ions or metal compounds, including gold. We have previously demonstrated that both monosodium titanate (MST) and amorphous peroxo-titanate (APT) alone do not suppress cellular metabolism of several cell types, and we have shown that MST and APT adsorb and release gold compounds in biological salt solutions. In the current study, we extend this work and show that MST and APT loaded with two gold compounds deliver sufficient levels of these compounds to alter the metabolism of mammalian cells.

Inflammatory suppression by endodontic sealers after aging 12 weeks In vitro.

Dental endodontic sealers are in intimate contact with tissues around the root apex (periapical area) for extended periods. New endodontic sealers have been developed in the past decade, but the biological responses to many new products are not well documented. In this study, we assessed in vitro monocytic cytotoxic and inflammatory responses to several contemporary endodontic sealers.

Corrosion of machined titanium dental implants under inflammatory conditions.

The effects of hyperglycemia, altered cell function, or inflammatory mediators on implant corrosion are not well studied; yet, these effects are critical to implant biocompatibility and osseointegration. Because implant placement is burgeoning, patients with medically compromising systemic conditions such as diabetes are increasingly receiving implants, and the role of other inflammatory diseases on implant corrosion also needs investigation. In the current study, the corrosion properties of commercially available, machined titanium implants were studied in blood, cultures of monocytic cells, and solutions containing elevated dextrose concentrations.

Brushing-induced surface roughness of nickel-, palladium-, and gold-based dental casting alloys.

Statement Of Problem: Alloys with high nickel content have been increasingly used for dental prostheses. These alloys have excellent hardness, elastic modulus, and strength, yet have high corrosion rates when exposed to chemical or physical forces that are common intraorally.

Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to measure the susceptibility of several types of nickel-based alloys to brushing abrasion relative to gold- and palladium-based alloys.

Ni(II) ions dysregulate cytokine secretion from human monocytes.

Nickel-containing alloys are used in dentistry because of their low cost, but poor corrosion behavior increases their risk of causing adverse biological responses. Intraorally, nickel-containing alloys accumulate bacterial plaque that triggers periodontal inflammation via toxins such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Recent evidence suggests that in monocytes, Ni(II) amplifies LPS-induced secretion of several cytokines that mediate periodontal destruction.

Interactions between stainless steel, shear stress, and monocytes.

Angioplasty with stent placement is commonly used to treat coronary atherosclerosis. However, 20-40% of stainless steel stents restenose within 6 months via a prolonged inflammatory response mediated by monocytic infiltration and cytokine secretion. In the current study, we tested a hypothesis that blood flow and monocytes interact to alter stent corrosion.

Effect of mercury(II) on Nrf2, thioredoxin reductase-1 and thioredoxin-1 in human monocytes.

Objectives: Human blood levels of mercury are commonly 10nM, but may transiently reach 50-75nM after dental amalgam placement or removal. Controversy persists about the use of mercury because the effects of these 'trace' levels of mercury are not clear. Concentrations of mercury > or =5000nM unequivocally alter redox balance in blood cells including monocytes.

In vitro cytotoxic response to lithium disilicate dental ceramics.

Objectives: The use of lithium disilicate dental ceramics is increasing in dentistry and previous reports have suggested that they may have greater biological risks than previously thought. We tested a hypothesis that composition and processing influence the biological properties of these ceramics.

Methods: The cytotoxicity of two machined and three pressed lithium disilicate materials (n=6) were tested in vitro using mouse fibroblasts in direct contact with the materials for 72h.