Exploring the association between individual, family, and program characteristics and change in health outcomes 12 months after enrollment into the CANadian Pediatric Weight management Registry (CANPWR).

Objectives: To examine individual, family, and program characteristics associated with changes in anthropometric and cardiometabolic health indicators in children with overweight or obesity after participating in multidisciplinary obesity management for 12 months.

Methods: Participants included children 2-17 years old with overweight or obesity enrolled in the CANadian Pediatric Weight Management Registry (CANPWR). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the associations between individual, family, and program characteristics and changes in anthropometry (WHO BMI z-score) and cardiometabolic health indicators (systolic and diastolic blood pressure; fasting and 2-h glucose post-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); high density lipoprotein- (HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol and fasting triglycerides).

Gut Microbiome Alterations Accompany Metabolic Normalization Following Bariatric Surgery in ROHHAD Syndrome.

Rapid onset obesity with hypoventilation, hypothalamic, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) syndrome in childhood is characterized by abrupt onset weight gain and dysautonomia with variable neuroendocrine involvement. In the absence of definitive disease-modifying therapies, the primary management strategy remains symptom control. This case report describes the first successful correction of obesity, dysautonomia, and metabolic derangement in a patient with ROHHAD following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

The impact of gestational diabetes on functional capacity of the infant gut microbiome is modest and transient.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic complication that manifests as hyperglycemia during the later stages of pregnancy. In high resource settings, careful management of GDM limits risk to the pregnancy, and hyperglycemia typically resolves after birth. At the same time, previous studies have revealed that the gut microbiome of infants born to mothers who experienced GDM exhibit reduced diversity and reduction in the abundance of several key taxa, including .

Medical students' perceived comfort and competence performing physical examinations on patients with obesity: A mixed-methods needs assessment.

Physicians are unsatisfied with their training in the care of patients with obesity. Physical examination is a key component of care, and modifications to techniques are often necessary for patients with obesity. To determine learning needs, we examined medical students' perceived comfort and competency in conducting physical examinations on patients with obesity.

Intranasal Carbetocin Reduces Hyperphagia, Anxiousness, and Distress in Prader-Willi Syndrome: CARE-PWS Phase 3 Trial.

Context: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by endocrine and neuropsychiatric problems including hyperphagia, anxiousness, and distress. Intranasal carbetocin, an oxytocin analog, was investigated as a selective oxytocin replacement therapy.

Objective: To evaluate safety and efficacy of intranasal carbetocin in PWS.

Weighing in on COVID-19: The impact of the pandemic on children and adolescents with obesity participating in a weight management program.

Background: COVID-19 mitigation measures, including closures of schools and recreational facilities and alterations in eating behaviours and physical activity, may impact weight.

Objective: To examine changes in body weight and body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents with obesity participating in an obesity treatment program before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada.

Methods: Body weight and BMI at baseline and 6 months were recorded for the 'historic' cohort (females = 34, males = 21) before the pandemic (November 1, 2018, to March 18, 2020) and for the 'pandemic' cohort (females = 30, males = 30) during the pandemic (March 19, 2020 to July 31, 2021).

Investigating resilience and its association with stress, anthropometrics, and metabolic health in adolescents with obesity: a pilot study.

The increasing prevalence of children with obesity has contributed to a higher risk of developing cardiometabolic comorbidities. Adversity and chronic stress are negatively linked to cardiometabolic outcomes, and resilience is positively associated with improved outcomes. However, whether resilience is protective against metabolic disturbances preceding disease presentation is less understood.

Treating Gestational Diabetes Reduces Birth Weight but Does Not Affect Infant Adiposity Across the 1st Year of Life.

Objective: The continuum of maternal glycemia in pregnancy shows continuous associations with both 1) neonatal birth weight at delivery and 2) subsequent adiposity later in childhood. While treating gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can lower birth weight and thereby disrupt the former association, it is unclear if such treatment reduces childhood adiposity. Thus, we sought to compare anthropometry across the 1st year of life between infants born to women who were treated for GDM and those with lesser degrees of gestational dysglycemia (untreated).

Individual and family characteristics associated with health indicators at entry into multidisciplinary pediatric weight management: findings from the CANadian Pediatric Weight management Registry (CANPWR).

Objectives: (1) To explore individual and family characteristics related to anthropometric and cardiometabolic health indicators and (2) examine whether characteristics that correlate with cardiometabolic health indicators differ across severity of obesity at time of entry to Canadian pediatric weight management clinics.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 2-17 year olds with overweight or obesity who registered in the CANadian Pediatric Weight Management Registry (CANPWR) between May 2013 and October 2017 prior to their first clinic visit. Individual modifiable health behaviors included dietary intake, physical activity, screen time, and sleep.

Evaluation of a Pediatric Obesity Management Toolkit for Health Care Professionals: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Health care professionals (HCPs) play a critical role in helping to address weight-related issues with pediatric patients, yet often feel ill-equipped to discuss/manage this complex and sensitive health issue. Using the five As ("Ask, Assess, Advise, Agree, and Assist") of Pediatric Obesity Management, we created a series of educational videos and evaluated the content, quality (acceptability, engagement), and impact of these videos on HCPs' self-efficacy, knowledge, and change in practice when addressing weight-related issues with pediatric patients and their families using questionnaires. HCPs ( = 65) participated in a baseline assessment and 4-6 month follow-up ( = 54).

"It's a tool, not a cure": the preoperative teen perspective on bariatric surgery.

Background: Bariatric surgery is well established in adults as the most effective tool for sustained weight loss and reduction of obesity-related co-morbidities, and is an emerging option for adolescents in whom conservative approaches have failed. Narratives are vital in understanding the motivating reasons and psychosocial profiles of adolescents considering bariatric surgery during a developmental period of evolving self-concept, body image sensitivity, peer pressure, and increased opportunity for risky behaviors.

Objectives: To explore preoperative adolescent patient perspectives on their decision to pursue bariatric surgery, anticipated physical and psychosocial effects, and preparation process.

"Counting Carbs to Be in Charge": A Comparison of an Internet-Based Education Module With In-Class Education in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes.

Carbohydrate counting is an essential component of type 1 diabetes education but can be difficult for adolescents to learn. Because adolescents are avid users of technology, an Internet-based education module was compared with an in-class education session in terms of carbohydrate counting accuracy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Adolescent participants displayed increased carbohydrate counting accuracy after attending an in-class education session compared with an Internet-based education module.

Greater Nutritional Risk Scores in 2-Year-Old Children Exposed to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Utero and Their Relationship to Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance at Age 5 Years.

Objectives: Exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in utero may impact nutritional intake and lifestyle habits in early childhood. However, it is unclear whether nutritional status predicts greater risk for metabolic disturbances, such as insulin resistance (IR). The primary objectives were: 1) to determine parent-reported nutritional risk scores in 2-year-old children born to women with and without GDM and 2) to assess whether these scores predict IR in 5-year-old children.

Careful conversations: an educational video to support parents in communicating about weight with their children.

Background: Parents may struggle to initiate healthy weight-related conversations with their children. Educational videos may be an effective tool for improving parents' knowledge and self-efficacy on this topic. The aim of this pilot study was to develop an educational video to assist parents in weight-related conversations with their child, and to assess changes in parents' self-efficacy on this topic.

Determinants of insulin resistance in children exposed to gestational diabetes in utero.

Background: The evolution of increased adiposity and cardiometabolic risk in offspring exposed to maternal gestational diabetes (GDM) is not well understood.

Objective: (a) To evaluate the impact of in utero exposure to GDM and maternal weight status on homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in the offspring longitudinally from 1 to 3 years of age and (b) to compare body mass index (BMI) and HOMA-IR in GDM and non-GDM exposed offspring at 1 and 3 years of age.

Methods: A prospective cohort of children born to mothers with and without GDM underwent metabolic characterization between birth and 3 years of age.

Talking About Weight With Families-Helping Health Care Professionals Start the Conversation: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

Health care professionals (HCPs) and trainees feel ill-equipped to discuss weight-related issues with children and their families. A whiteboard video for HCPs and trainees outlining strategies to communicate about weight was developed and evaluated. Seventy HCPs, including 15 trainees, participated in the baseline assessment and 39 repeated measures 4 to 6 months later.

The association between body mass index trajectories and cardiometabolic risk in young children.

Background: Rapid growth is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in adolescence and adulthood. Little is known about whether the association between rapid growth and increased CMR originates in early childhood.

Objectives: To identify age and sex standardized body mass index (zBMI) trajectories and to examine the association between zBMI trajectories and CMR outcomes in children 0 to 60 months.

Postprandial Dyslipidemia, Hyperinsulinemia, and Impaired Gut Peptides/Bile Acids in Adolescents with Obesity.

Background: With increased rates of obesity and insulin resistance in youth, development of postprandial dyslipidemia, an important cardiovascular disease risk factor, is a concern. Glucagon-like peptides (ie, GLP-1 and GLP-2) and bile acids have been shown to regulate dietary fat absorption and postprandial lipids in animal models and humans. We hypothesize that the physiological response of GLPs and bile acids to dietary fat ingestion is impaired in adolescents with obesity and this associates with marked postprandial dyslipidemia and insulin resistance.

Development and Validation of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Equations in Adolescents with Severe Obesity.

Background: Body mass index measures excess weight for size, and does not differentiate between fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is most commonly used to assess FM and FFM as it is simple and inexpensive. Variables from BIA measurements are used in predictive equations to estimate FM and FFM.

Acute decrease in plasma testosterone and appetite after either glucose or protein beverages in adolescent males.

Objective: Chronic testosterone blood concentrations associate with food intake (FI), but acute effects of testosterone on appetite and effect of protein and glucose consumption on testosterone response have had little examination.

Methods: In a randomized, crossover study, twenty-three adolescent (12-18 years old) males were given beverages containing either: (a) whey protein (1 g/kg body weight), (b) glucose (1 g/kg body weight) or (c) a calorie-free control (C). Plasma testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), GLP-1 (active), ghrelin (acylated), glucose, insulin and subjective appetite were measured prior (0) and at 20, 35 and 65 minutes after the consumption of the beverage.

Obesity class versus the Edmonton Obesity Staging System for Pediatrics to define health risk in childhood obesity: results from the CANPWR cross-sectional study.

Background: Disease severity in paediatric obesity is usually defined using the body-mass index (BMI). Although informative at the population level, its usefulness on an individual level has limitations. The use of a clinical staging system-Edmonton Obesity Staging System for Pediatrics (EOSS-P)-in identifying health risk has been proposed.

Association of accelerated body mass index gain with repeated measures of blood pressure in early childhood.

Background/objectives: We examined the association for rates of age- and sex-standardized body mass index (zBMI) gain between 0-3, 3-18, and 18-36 months with BP in children at 36-72 months of age.

Methods: We collected repeated measures of zBMI and BP in 2502 children. zBMI was calculated using the World Health Organization standards.

Early weight loss in adolescents following bariatric surgery predicts weight loss at 12 and 24 months.

Background: Growing evidence supports the efficacy of paediatric bariatric surgery. However, there is a paucity of data examining adolescent outcomes post surgery. Among adults, studies have shown that early weight loss is associated with long-term weight loss.