COVID-19 therapeutics for the pregnant patient.

SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause severe disease among pregnant persons. Pregnant persons were not included in initial studies of therapeutics for COVID-19, but cumulative experience demonstrates that most are safe for pregnant persons and the fetus, and effective for prevention or treatment of severe COVID-19.

Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy and Serum Bile Acids in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women.

Objectives: Intra-hepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is uncommon, but has severe effects on pregnancy outcomes. ICP is characterized by elevated serum bile acids and liver enzymes and preferentially affects women with liver disorders. We compared bile acids and pregnancy outcomes of HIV-infected pregnant women, who commonly have elevated live enzymes, with uninfected controls.

Contemporary management of human immunodeficiency virus in pregnancy.

Contemporary management of HIV in pregnancy remains a moving target. With the development of newer antiretroviral agents with lower side-effect profiles and laboratory methods for detection and monitoring of HIV, considerable progress has been made. This review examines key concepts in the pathophysiology of HIV and pregnancy with emphasis on perinatal transmission and reviews appropriate screening and diagnostic testing for HIV during pregnancy.

Effect of hydration on spontaneous labor outcomes in nulliparous pregnant women: a multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing three methods.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of mode and amount of fluid hydration during labor.

Study Design: The authors conducted a randomized controlled trial of uncomplicated nulliparous women in spontaneous labor at 36 weeks or more gestational age. Women were randomized to receive lactated Ringer solution with 5% dextrose at (1) 125 mL/h intravenously with limited oral intake, (2) 250 mL/h intravenously with limited oral intake, or (3) 25 mL/h intravenously with ad libitum oral intake of clear liquids.

Resistance to antiretrovirals in HIV-infected pregnant women.

Background: Antiretrovirals suppress HIV replication and prevent mother-to-child-transmission of HIV (PMTCT). Resistance to antiretrovirals may reduce the efficacy of PMTCT and/or complicate treatment of maternal or infant infection.

Objectives: To assess resistance to antiretrovirals during pregnancy.

Predictors of glyburide failure in the treatment of gestational diabetes.

Objective: Our objective was to identify among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) the patient characteristics that predict treatment failure with glyburide.

Methods: Historical cohort of 95 GDM women offered glyburide after dietary failure with defined entry criteria.

Results: From November 2000 to May 2005, 118 women had 124 pregnancies and were offered glyburide therapy by the 2 codirectors of our Diabetes Clinic.

Subcutaneous tissue reapproximation, alone or in combination with drain, in obese women undergoing cesarean delivery.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of subcutaneous suture reapproximation alone with suture plus subcutaneous drain for the prevention of wound complications in obese women undergoing cesarean delivery.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter randomized trial of women undergoing cesarean delivery. Consenting women with 4 cm or more of subcutaneous thickness were randomized to either subcutaneous suture closure alone (n = 149) or suture plus drain (n = 131).

Labor induction in women with an unfavorable Bishop score: randomized controlled trial of intrauterine Foley catheter with concurrent oxytocin infusion versus Foley catheter with extra-amniotic saline infusion with concurrent oxytocin infusion.

Objectives: This study was undertaken to determine whether the addition of extra-amniotic saline infusion improves the efficacy of the Foley catheter in women undergoing cervical ripening and induction of labor with an unfavorable cervical examination.

Study Design: One hundred consenting women with a Bishop score less than 5 with singleton gestation, intact membranes, vertex presentation, who required induction of labor were randomly assigned to 2 groups: Foley alone (Foley, n=49) or to the Foley catheter with extra-amniotic saline infusion (EASI, 30 mL of NS per hour infused through the distal port of the Foley, n=51). All women received concurrent dilute oxytocin infusion per protocol.

Chronic intrauterine infection and inflammation in the preterm rabbit, despite antibiotic therapy.

Objective: In a pregnant rabbit model using intracervical inoculation of Escherichia coli with delayed antibiotic therapy, we investigated the rate of positive cultures and histologic inflammation of maternal and fetal compartments and the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the amniotic fluid for up to 5 days.

Study Design: New Zealand White rabbits at 70% gestation were inoculated intracervically with 10(3) - 10(4) colony-forming units of E coli per uterine horn. At varying intervals after inoculation (0.