Hospital-recorded chronic health conditions in children with and without Down syndrome in England: a national cohort of births from 2003 to 2019.

Objective: The objective is to describe age-specific cumulative incidence for hospital-recorded indicators of chronic health conditions (CHCs) in children with Down syndrome (DS) compared with children without DS.

Design: National birth cohort using hospital admission and death records.

Setting: National Health Service (NHS)-funded hospitals in England.

Academic Entitlement in Physician Assistant Students.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and characteristics of academic entitlement (AE) among physician assistant (PA) students in the United States.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used to assess AE using 2 previously validated AE surveys. Current PA students were recruited via email, and survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and cumulative logistic regression.

Acute monoarthritis.

Acute monoarthritis affects a single joint and has many potential underlying causes, including crystal deposition diseases, infection, trauma, and osteoarthritis. A comprehensive health history and physical examination can help narrow the list of differential diagnoses; judicious diagnostic testing can help pinpoint the diagnosis. Clinicians also must be able to recognize which patients require emergency referral to prevent long-term adverse consequences.

Supplementation with antioxidants and folinic acid for children with Down's syndrome: randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: To assess whether supplementation with antioxidants, folinic acid, or both improves the psychomotor and language development of children with Down's syndrome.

Design: Randomised controlled trial with two by two factorial design.

Setting: Children living in the Midlands, Greater London, and the south west of England.

Inequalities in provision of the Disability Living Allowance for Down syndrome.

Objectives: To assess factors associated with granting of the Disability Living Allowance (DLA) for Down syndrome.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Families with a child with Down syndrome enrolled in a community-based trial of vitamin supplementation.

Discrimination of human pathogenic subspecies of Francisella tularensis by using restriction fragment length polymorphism.

We describe the use of two insertion sequence elements (ISFtu1 and ISFtu2) in Francisella tularensis to type strains by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The RFLP profiles of 17 epidemiologically unrelated isolates were determined and compared. Our results showed that RFLP profiles can be used to assign F.

A possible pitfall in the identification of Burkholderia mallei using molecular identification systems based on the sequence of the flagellin fliC gene.

Amotile Burkholderia mallei and motile Burkholderia pseudomallei display a high similarity with regard to phenotype and clinical syndromes, glanders and melioidosis. The aim of this study was to establish a fast and reliable molecular method for identification and differentiation. Despite amotility, the gene of the filament forming flagellin (fliC) could be completely sequenced in two B.

Tularemia.

Francisella tularensis is the etiological agent of tularemia, a serious and occasionally fatal disease of humans and animals. In humans, ulceroglandular tularemia is the most common form of the disease and is usually a consequence of a bite from an arthropod vector which has previously fed on an infected animal. The pneumonic form of the disease occurs rarely but is the likely form of the disease should this bacterium be used as a bioterrorism agent.

Characterisation of an acapsular mutant of Burkholderia pseudomallei identified by signature tagged mutagenesis.

A Burkholderia pseudomallei mutant which was attenuated in a mouse model of melioidosis was identified by a signature tagged mutagenesis approach. The transposon was shown to be inserted into a gene within the capsular biosynthetic operon. Compared with the wild-type bacteria this mutant demonstrated a 10(5)-fold increase in the median lethal dose in a mouse model and it did not react with a monoclonal antibody against high mol.

In vivo plasminogen deficiency reduces fat accumulation.

Obesity and non-insulin dependent diabetes are associated with a decrease in fibrinolysis, which is mediated by the plasminogen system. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the role of the plasminogen system in the reduced body weight of the plasminogen deficient (Plg-/-) mice. In this study we have found that the reduced body weight in Plg-/- mice is due to a reduced rate of the adipose tissue (25% less) and whole body fat (30% less) accumulation during growth in Plg-/- compared to wild-type (WT) littermates.