Potential Importance of Maximal Upper Body Strength-Generating Qualities and Upper Body Strength Training for Performance of High-Intensity Running and Jumping Actions: A Scoping Review.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of upper body (UB) strength qualities and UB strength training on the performance of high-intensity running and jumping actions and to identify gaps and recommendations for future research.

Methods: A systematic search using the PRISMA Scoping Review protocol was conducted in February 2024 using PubMed, Scopus, and ICTRP. Studies eligible for inclusion were those that reported associations between UB or trunk maximal strength qualities (e.

Vertical Strength Transfer Phenomenon Between Upper Body and Lower Body Exercise: Systematic Scoping Review.

Background: There are a myriad of exercise variations in which upper body (UB) and lower body (LB) exercises have been intermittently used. However, it is still unclear how training of one body region (e.g.

Physical match demands across different playing positions during transitional play and high-pressure activities in elite soccer.

This study explored physical match demands across different playing positions during transitional play, to inform the need for position-specific training interventions. Data was collected using 10 Hz GPS units from 10 competitive matches including 23 elite soccer players of the 1 Polish Division (Ekstraklasa) in season 2020-21. A total of 4249 positional observations were made; center backs (n = 884), full backs (n = 972), central defensive midfielders (n = 236), central attacking midfielders (n = 270), central midfielders (n = 578), wingers (n = 778), and attackers (n = 531).

Worst Case Scenarios in Soccer Training and Competition: Analysis of Playing Position, Congested Periods, and Substitutes.

: To understand mean (WCS) and peak (WCS) worst case scenarios within training and game play in male professional soccer. : Thirty-one ( = 31) first team players were monitored across 37 matches and 14 MD-3 sessions. Playing status was distinguished, football drills analyzed, and performance explored in long-period: >6 days, moderate-period: 5-6 days, and congested-period: ≤4 days.

Towards an Evidence-Based Classification System for Para Dressage: Associations between Impairment and Performance Measures.

This study follows a previously defined framework to investigate the impact of impairment on performance in Para dressage athletes. Twenty-one elite Para dressage athletes (grades I to V) and eleven non-disabled dressage athletes (competing at Prix St. Georges or Grand Prix) participated.

Methods of Measuring Laryngeal Muscle Tension in Patients with Muscle Tension Dysphonia: A Scoping Review.

Background: In clinical practice and research relating to Muscle Tension Dysphonia (MTD), several laryngeal muscle tension measurement methods are used to diagnose, to identify specific muscle strengths and deficits, and to measure therapeutic outcomes. The variety and reliability of available measurement methods presents challenges within diagnosis and treatment. The lack of methodical standardization presents a barrier to homogeneous practice in this area.

Cold for centuries: a brief history of cryotherapies to improve health, injury and post-exercise recovery.

For centuries, cold temperatures have been used by humans for therapeutic, health and sporting recovery purposes. This application of cold for therapeutic purposes is regularly referred to as cryotherapy. Cryotherapies including ice, cold-water and cold air have been popularised by an ability to remove heat, reduce core and tissue temperatures, and alter blood flow in humans.

Utilisation of performance markers to establish the effectiveness of cold-water immersion as a recovery modality in elite football.

Optimal strategies for recovery following training and competition in elite athletes presents ongoing debate. The effects of cold-water immersion (CWI) compared to passive recovery (PR) though a triad of performance measures after fatiguing exercise within a normal micro-cycle, during mid-competitive training cycle, in elite male footballers were investigated. Twenty-four elite footballers (age 20.

Effects of contemporary cryo-compression on post-training performance in elite academy footballers.

Fatigue is a predisposing risk factor for injury commonly investigated in elite football populations. Little evidence advocates the most beneficial recovery strategies including contemporary cooling applications. The aim of the study was to examine immediate effects of the Game Ready on physiological and biomechanical measures in a population of elite male academy footballers, following a fatiguing training session mid-competitive season.

Test-Retest Reliability of the Isometric Soleus Strength Test in Elite Male Academy Footballers.

Background: Currently there is no reliability data available for the isometric soleus strength test (ISST), commonly used as a monitoring tool in elite football settings. Isometric strength testing for other muscle groups, most notably the hamstrings, is utilized to identify injury risk and readiness to train/play. To profile athletes efficiently, performance practitioners require optimal measures that are reliable.

The relationship between eccentric hamstring strength and dynamic stability in elite academy footballers.

Objectives: Previous research describes dynamic stability and functional strength as key aetiological risk factors associated with lower limb non-contact musculoskeletal injury. Due to the multifactorial nature of injury risk, relationships between the two factors will inform injury management and training design.

Methods: A total of 59 elite academy footballers from two English premier league category 1-status academies completed the study.

Rider Skill Affects Time and Frequency Domain Postural Variables When Performing Shoulder-in.

In equestrian sports the novice rider learns first to follow the movements of the horse's back and then how to influence the horse's performance. One of the rider's challenges is to overcome inherent horse and/or rider asymmetry patterns when riding in straight lines, mirroring the movements on the left, and right sides when turning. This study compares the performance of novice and advanced riders when riding in sitting trot on straight lines and when riding shoulder-in to the left and right sides.

The Effect of Local Cooling at the Elbow on Nerve Conduction Velocity and Motor Unit Behaviour: An Exploration of a Novel Neurological Assessment.

Background: This study aimed to determine the effects of a standard therapeutic cooling protocol using crushed ice on the elbow to explore if changes in the motor unit (MU) firing rates in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle are comparable to known changes in sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity (NCV) due to a regional temperature drop around a peripheral nerve.

Methods: Twelve healthy individuals were assessed before cooling, immediately after cooling, and 15 min of rewarming. Assessments included two standard non-invasive nerve conduction velocity tests and a non-invasive investigation of the MU firing rates using surface electromyography decomposition (dEMG).

The Effect of High-Intensity Accelerations and Decelerations on Match Outcome of an Elite English League Two Football Team.

Objectives: Previous research has highlighted the frequency of high-intensity accelerations and decelerations in elite football. The influence of these actions on match performance outcomes has not been established. The aim of the present study was to identify the influence of high-intensity accelerations and decelerations on match performance outcomes (i.

The Temporal Pattern of Recovery in Directional Dynamic Stability Post Football-Specific Fatigue.

Background: Rising injury rates within football require further understanding of the etiological risk factors associated with lower-limb injury.

Aim: To examine the temporal pattern of recovery of directional dynamic stability measures post football-specific fatigue.

Methods: Eighteen male elite footballers completed baseline assessments of directional dynamic stability measures (Overall Stability Index, anterior-posterior stability [A-P], medial-lateral stability [M-L] on level 1 of the Biodex Stability System).

Cryotherapy in sport: a warm reception for the translation of evidence into applied practice.

Research contributing to the understanding of the mechanisms that underpin cryotherapy application in sport are evident. The translation of impactful findings that contribute to the design and implementation of cryotherapy protocols which are advantageous to the athlete in an applied sport setting, however, are still being explored. The role of cryotherapy for acute sport injury management is challenged in recent literature and discrepancies around the periodisation of cooling to maximise injury management or recovery, contribute to the confusion around optimal applications of cryotherapy in sport.

The Effect of Proprioceptive Training on Directional Dynamic Stabilization.

Objectives: Significant loss of playing time and the impact of treatment costs due to lower limb injury in football demonstrates a need for improved protocols for injury risk reduction. The aim of the present study is to assess the effect of a proprioceptive training program on the lower limb dynamic stability of elite footballers.

Methods: A total of 16 elite premier league footballers were randomly allocated by matched pair design to a 8-week proprioception training group (group A, n = 8) or nontraining group (group B, n = 8), to determine the effect of this training over a 16-week period.

COMPARISON OF CRYOTHERAPY MODALITY APPLICATION OVER THE ANTERIOR THIGH ACROSS RUGBY UNION POSITIONS; A CROSSOVER RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL.

Background: In deliberation of the diverse physical traits of rugby union and the known interference adipose tissue has on the ability to cool deeper tissues, evidence is required to understand the effect of cryotherapy modalities to provide optimum outcomes post-injury.

Purpose: To investigate differences in the cooling ability of three different cryotherapy modalities in a rugby union population in an attempt to describe optimum cooling protocols for the anterior thigh.

Study Design: Within-subjects randomized control crossover.

Measures of PHV and the effect on directional dynamic stability to identify risk factors for injury in elite football.

Background: The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between peak height velocity (PHV) and dynamic balance (Y-Balance) versus non-peak growth to identify risk factors for non-contact lower limb injuries using a retrospective study design in elite youth footballers.

Methods: Ninety-three elite category 1 academy football players completed Y-Balance assessment during the preseason screening assessment. Data in relation to Y-Balance and Peak Height Velocity measures was than analyzed retrospectively and correlated against injury audit data to identify relationships between the variables.

Temporal Patterns of Knee-Extensor Isokinetic Torque Strength in Male and Female Athletes Following Comparison of Anterior Thigh and Knee Cooling Over a Rewarming Period.

Context: The effect of local cooling on muscle strength presents conflicting debates, with literature undecided as to the potential implications for injury, when returning to play following cryotherapy application.

Objective: To investigate concentric muscle strength following local cooling over the anterior thigh compared with the knee joint in males and females and the temporal pattern over a 30-minute rewarming period.

Design: Repeated-measures crossover design.

THE EFFECT OF KNEE JOINT COOLING ON ISOKINETIC TORQUE PRODUCTION OF THE KNEE EXTENSORS: CONSIDERATIONS FOR APPLICATION.

Background: Cryotherapy is commonly used in sport for the management of injury or during recovery, however the effects on concentric isokinetic strength appear unclear when considering the effect of joint cooling distal to the anterior thigh.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cooling of the knee joint on quadriceps concentric isokinetic torque production. The results will inform the use of cryotherapy in practice.

Delayed effects of a 20-min crushed ice application on knee joint position sense assessed by a functional task during a re-warming period.

Unlabelled: Delayed effects of a 20-min crushed ice application on knee joint position sense assessed by a functional task during a re-warming period.

Introduction: The effect of cryotherapy on joint positioning presents conflicting debates as to whether individuals are at an increased risk of injury when returning to play following cryotherapy application at the lower limb.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether a 20 min application of crushed ice at the knee affects knee joint kinematics immediately post and up to 20 mins post ice removal, during a small knee bend.

A Multifaceted Quality Improvement Programme to Improve Acute Kidney Injury Care and Outcomes in a Large Teaching Hospital.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is now widely recognised as a serious health care issue, occurring in up to 25% of hospital in-patients, often with worsening of outcomes. There have been several reports of substandard care in AKI. This quality improvement (QI) programme aimed to improve AKI care and outcomes in a large teaching hospital.

An exploratory study into the effects of a 20 minute crushed ice application on knee joint position sense during a small knee bend.

Objectives: The effect of cryotherapy on joint positioning presents conflicting debates as to whether individuals are at an increased risk of injury when returning to play or activity immediately following cryotherapy application at the knee. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a 20 min application of crushed ice at the knee immediately affects knee joint position sense during a small knee bend.

Design: Pre- and post-intervention.