Interaction of Macrophages with Bone Healing Microenvironment: Mechanism and Biomaterials.

Extensive bone fractures, which can seriously impact both health and quality of life, cannot easily heal naturally, especially if the patient has an underlying medical condition or is aging. The most promising approach to addressing such fractures is bone regeneration through bone tissue engineering. Bone regeneration is a complex process that consists of three distinct phases: inflammation, repair, and remodeling.

Polarized Macrophages in Periodontitis: Characteristics, Function, and Molecular Signaling.

Periodontitis (PD) is a common chronic infectious disease. The local inflammatory response in the host may cause the destruction of supporting periodontal tissue. Macrophages play a variety of roles in PD, including regulatory and phagocytosis.

Alteration of salivary microbiome in periodontitis with or without type-2 diabetes mellitus and metformin treatment.

We aimed to explore the effects of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypoglycemic therapy on the salivary microbiome in periodontitis patients and identify the potential salivary micro-biomarker for the early warning of T2DM. Saliva samples were collected from healthy individuals (Health), periodontitis patients (P), T2DM patients, periodontitis patients with T2DM (DAP), and DAP patients treated with Metformin (Met). Samples were determined by16S rRNA gene sequencing.