Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Soccer Players: Review of 14 Cases.

Objective: Exposure to repetitive sports-related concussions or (sub)concussive head trauma may lead to chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Which impact (heading or concussion) poses the greatest risk of CTE development in soccer players?

Design: Narrative review.

Setting: Teaching hospital and University of Applied sciences.

[Flying and COVID-19: options to reduce the risk of transmission].

With air travel continuing after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic as before, is there a risk of in-flight-transmission? We found 18 papers describing a total number of 306 index patients on 150 flights, 79 infected passengers and four infected cabin crew. Infection transmission within the aircraft cabin depends on flight occupancy, proximity to the index patient, duration of flight and the prevailing virus variant. A negative PCR-test has a sensitivity of 95 %, around 5 % of travelers will get a false negative result.

Susceptibility-Weighted MRI and Microbleeds in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Prediction of Posttraumatic Complaints?

Background: Only in 7-15% of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), traumatic CT-abnormalities are found. Nevertheless, 40% of mTBI patients suffer from posttraumatic complaints not resolving after 6 months. We discuss the ability of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), sensitive for microbleeds, to detect more subtle brain abnormalities.

A Child Presenting with a Glasgow Coma Scale Score of 13: Mild or Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury? A Narrative Review.

Objective: The objective of this article was to compare children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) 13 with children presenting with GCS 14 and 15 and GCS 9 to 12.

Data Source: We searched PubMed for clinical studies of children of 0 to 18 years of age with mild TBI (mTBI) and moderate TBI, published in English language in the period of 2000 to 2020.

Study Selection: We selected studies sub-classifying children with GCS 13 in comparison with GCS 14 and 15 and 9 to 12.

[An abnormal CT scan following a mild traumatic brain injury; what then?].

CT scan reveals traumatic intracranial abnormalities in fewer than 10% of patients following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Management policy in these patients is not clear. Clinical or radiological deterioration occurs in 10-20% of this risk group, usually within 24 hours and often without neurosurgical consequences.

Aerotoxic syndrome, discussion of possible diagnostic criteria.

The term aerotoxic syndrome (ATS) was proposed 20 years ago to describe a constellation of symptoms reported by pilots and cabin crew following exposure to hydraulic fluids, engine oil, and pyrolysis products during flight. Hydraulic fluids and engine oil contain a large number of potentially toxic chemicals, including various organophosphate compounds (OPCs). However, ATS is not yet recognised as a valid diagnosis in aviation or general medicine, because the incidence and aetiology continues to be debated.