Unraveling the surface marker signature of cell-derived vesicles via proteome analysis and nanoparticle flow cytometry.

The cell-derived vesicles (CDVs) obtained using a proprietary extrusion process are the foundation of BioDrone platform technology. With superior productivity and versatility, this technology has garnered increasing attention in broad applications, particularly as a drug delivery vehicle. Previously, we showed that CDVs exhibited varying levels of expression for tetraspanin and organelle membrane markers while revealing no discernible differences in physical characteristics compared to naturally produced extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Highly Efficient On-Chip Photothermal Cell Lysis for Nucleic Acid Extraction Using Localized Plasmonic Heating of Strongly Absorbing Au Nanoislands.

Cell lysis serves as an essential role in the sample preparation for intracellular material extraction in lab-on-a-chip applications. However, recent microfluidic-based cell lysis chips still face several technical challenges such as reagent removal, complex design, and high fabrication cost. Here, we report highly efficient on-chip photothermal cell lysis for nucleic acid extraction using strongly absorbed plasmonic Au nanoislands (SAP-AuNIs).

Targeted Fusogenic Liposomes for Effective Tumor Delivery and Penetration of Lipophilic Cargoes.

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery has been widely used for effective anticancer treatment. However, a key challenge restricting the efficacy of nanotherapeutics is limited tissue penetration within solid tumors. Here, we report a targeted fusogenic liposome (TFL) that can selectively deliver lipophilic cargo to the plasma membranes of tumor cells.

High-fidelity optical diffraction tomography of live organisms using iodixanol refractive index matching.

Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) enables the three-dimensional (3D) refractive index (RI) reconstruction. However, when the RI difference between a sample and a medium increases, the effects of light scattering become significant, preventing the acquisition of high-quality and accurate RI reconstructions. Herein, we present a method for high-fidelity ODT by introducing non-toxic RI matching media.

GCC2 as a New Early Diagnostic Biomarker for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

No specific markers have been identified to detect non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell-derived exosomes circulating in the blood. Here, we report a new biomarker that distinguishes between cancer and non-cancer cell-derived exosomes. Exosomes isolated from patient plasmas at various pathological stages of NSCLC, NSCLC cell lines, and human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells isolated using size exclusion chromatography were characterized.

Cyclic tangential flow filtration system for isolation of extracellular vesicles.

Size-based filtration techniques have been developed for high-throughput isolation of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Conventional direct filtration systems have limitations in that large particles generally not only block the pores of the membrane but also damage the particles because of the high fluid pressure. Here, we propose a cyclic tangential flow filtration (TFF) system that includes two membranes with pore sizes of 200 and 30 nm, connected to a peristaltic pump that feeds the stream flowing to the membrane for continuous circulation.

A Proteomic Approach to Understand the Clinical Significance of Acute Myeloid Leukemia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reflecting Essential Characteristics of Leukemia.

Extracellular vesicle (EV) proteins from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines were analyzed using mass spectrometry. The analyses identified 2450 proteins, including 461 differentially expressed proteins (290 upregulated and 171 downregulated). CD53 and CD47 were upregulated and were selected as candidate biomarkers.

Dual size-exclusion chromatography for efficient isolation of extracellular vesicles from bone marrow derived human plasma.

Isolation of pure extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially from blood, has been a major challenge in the field of EV research. The presence of lipoproteins and soluble proteins often hinders the isolation of high purity EVs upon utilization of conventional separation methods. To circumvent such problems, we designed a single-step dual size-exclusion chromatography (dSEC) column for effective isolation of highly pure EVs from bone marrow derived human plasma.

Anti-Metastatic Effects of Plant Sap-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in a 3D Microfluidic Cancer Metastasis Model.

Natural medicinal plants have attracted considerable research attention for their potential as effective drugs. The roots, leaves and stems of the plant, , which is endemic to southern regions of Asia, have long been used as a folk medicine to treat variety of diseases. However, the sap of this plant has not been widely studied and its bioactive properties have yet to be clearly elucidated.

Cytotoxic Effects of Plant Sap-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Various Tumor Cell Types.

Edible plants have been widely used in traditional therapeutics because of the biological activities of their natural ingredients, including anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Plant sap contains such medicinal substances and their secondary metabolites provide unique chemical structures that contribute to their therapeutic efficacy. Plant extracts are known to contain a variety of extracellular vesicles (EVs) but the effects of such EVs on various cancers have not been investigated.

Single-Molecule Co-Immunoprecipitation Reveals Functional Inheritance of EGFRs in Extracellular Vesicles.

Cancer cells actively release extracellular vesicles (EVs) as important carriers of cellular information to tumor microenvironments. Although the composition and quantity of the proteins contained in EVs are characterized, it remains unknown how these proteins in EVs are related to those in the original cells at the functional level. With epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in lung adenocarcinoma cells as a model oncoprotein, it is studied how distinct types of EVs, microvesicles and exosomes, represent their original cells at the protein and protein-protein interaction (PPI) level.

The Potential of Exosomes Derived from Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia Cells as a Biomarker.

Background/aim: Exosomes, derived from chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) cells, can be used as biomarkers and new targets for the detection of the BCR-ABL transcript. This study aimed to identify these possibilities.

Materials And Methods: Human CML cell line-derived exosomes and CML-patients-derived exosomes were isolated with a size-exclusion chromatography column and ExoQuick™ exosome precipitation solution, respectively.

Photothermally Amplified Therapeutic Liposomes for Effective Combination Treatment of Cancer.

Near-infrared photothermal therapy has been investigated extensively with regard to selective tumor eradication, yet its clinical translation has been limited because of the absence of FDA-approvable agents with effective phototherapeutic function and minimal systemic toxicity. In this work, we developed photothermally amplified therapeutic liposomes in an attempt to synergize chemotherapy and hyperthermia for effective cancer phototherapy. The anticancer drug cisplatin and the photothermal agent indocyanine green (ICG) were encapsulated in a thermosensitive liposomal formulation at the lipid/ICG ratio maximizing the ICG loading efficiency.

cellular-level real-time pharmacokinetic imaging of free-form and liposomal indocyanine green in liver.

Indocyanine green (ICG) is a near-infrared fluorophore approved for human use which has been widely used for various clinical applications. Despite the well-established clinical usage, our understanding about the microscopic pharmacokinetics of systemically administered ICG has been relatively limited. In this work, we successfully visualized real-time pharmacokinetic dynamics of the intravenously injected free-form and liposomal ICG in cellular resolution by utilizing a custom-built video-rate near infrared laser-scanning confocal microscopy system.

Exosome Classification by Pattern Analysis of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Data for Lung Cancer Diagnosis.

Owing to the role of exosome as a cargo for intercellular communication, especially in cancer metastasis, the evidence has been consistently accumulated that exosomes can be used as a noninvasive indicator of cancer. Consequently, several studies applying exosome have been proposed for cancer diagnostic methods such as ELISA assay. However, it has been still challenging to get reliable results due to the requirement of a labeling process and high concentration of exosome.