MtCIR2 negatively regulates seed germination to salt stress by disrupting metabolisms and signaling of abscisic acid and gibberellins.

Emerging evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a regulatory role in plant response to environmental stresses. Seed germination is a complex physiological process modulated by many environmental and phytohormonal cues. However, how lncRNAs and phytohormones interactively regulate the response of seed germination to salt stress remain largely unknown.

Antagonistic systemin receptors integrate the activation and attenuation of systemic wound signaling in tomato.

Pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-mediated perception of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) triggers the first line of inducible defenses in both plants and animals. Compared with animals, plants are sessile and regularly encounter physical damage by biotic and abiotic factors. A longstanding problem concerns how plants achieve a balance between wound defense response and normal growth, avoiding overcommitment to catastrophic defense.

ZmCCD8 regulates sugar and amino acid accumulation in maize kernels via strigolactone signalling.

How carbon (sucrose) and nitrogen (amino acid) accumulation is coordinatively controlled in cereal grains remains largely enigmatic. We found that overexpression of the strigolactone (SL) biosynthesis gene CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 8 (CCD8) resulted in greater ear diameter and enhanced sucrose and amino acid accumulation in maize kernels. Loss of ZmCCD8 function reduced kernel growth with lower sugar and amino acid concentrations.

Regulatory mechanisms of strigolactone perception in rice.

Strigolactones (SLs) are hormones essential for plant development and environmental responses. SL perception requires the formation of the complex composed of an SL receptor DWARF14 (D14), F-box protein D3, and transcriptional repressor D53, triggering ubiquitination and degradation of D53 to activate signal transduction. However, mechanisms of SL perception and their influence on plant architecture and environmental responses remain elusive and controversial.

Enantiomer Recognition Based on Chirality Transfer from Chiral Amines to Ternary Dynamic Covalent Systems.

Enantiomer recognition is usually required in organic synthesis and materials and life sciences. This paper describes an enantiomer recognition method based on ternary dynamic covalent systems constructed via the complexation of chiral amines with a chiral boronate derived from 1,4-phenylenediboric acid and an L-DOPA-modified naphthalenediimide. The ternary systems aggregate into chiral assemblies driven by π-π interactions, and the chirality is transferred from the chiral amines to assemblies with high stereospecificity.

Low phosphorus promotes NSP1-NSP2 heterodimerization to enhance strigolactone biosynthesis and regulate shoot and root architecture in rice.

Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant development and metabolism, and plants have evolved ingenious mechanisms to overcome phosphate (Pi) starvation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of shoot and root architecture by low phosphorus conditions and the coordinated utilization of Pi and nitrogen remain largely unclear. Here, we show that Nodulation Signaling Pathway 1 (NSP1) and NSP2 regulate rice tiller number by promoting the biosynthesis of strigolactones (SLs), a class of phytohormones with fundamental effects on plant architecture and environmental responses.

Comparative Microscopic, Transcriptome and IAA Content Analyses Reveal the Stem Growth Variations in Two Cultivars .

is not only an excellent ornamental tree species for courtyards, but it is also a popular bonsai tree. 'Oosterwijk' and 'Red sprite' are two varieties of . The former has a long stem with few branches, while the latter has a short stem.

FOXC2-AS1 stabilizes FOXC2 mRNA via association with NSUN2 in gastric cancer cells.

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) FOXC2-AS1 has been reported to act as an oncogene in multiple human cancers. However, the clinical significance, functional role and underlying mechanism of FOXC2-AS1 in gastric cancer (GC) remains largely unknown. Here, we found that FOXC2-AS1 expression was significantly elevated in GC tissues and cells, and overexpression of FOXC2-AS1 indicated advanced TNM stage and shorter overall survival in GC patients.

The Welwitschia genome reveals a unique biology underpinning extreme longevity in deserts.

The gymnosperm Welwitschia mirabilis belongs to the ancient, enigmatic gnetophyte lineage. It is a unique desert plant with extreme longevity and two ever-elongating leaves. We present a chromosome-level assembly of its genome (6.

The mechanism for brassinosteroids suppressing climacteric fruit ripening.

The plant hormone ethylene is important for the ripening of climacteric fruit, such as pear (Pyrus ussuriensis), and the brassinosteroid (BR) class of phytohormones affects ethylene biosynthesis during ripening via an unknown molecular mechanism. Here, we observed that exogenous BR treatment suppressed ethylene production and delayed fruit ripening, whereas treatment with a BR biosynthesis inhibitor promoted ethylene production and accelerated fruit ripening in pear, suggesting BR is a ripening suppressor. The expression of the transcription factor BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1PuBZR1 was enhanced by BR treatment during pear fruit ripening.

A Tailored High-Efficiency Sample Pretreatment Method for Simultaneous Quantification of 10 Classes of Known Endogenous Phytohormones.

One of the hottest topics in plant hormone biology is the crosstalk mechanisms, whereby multiple classes of phytohormones interplay with each other through signaling networks. To better understand the roles of hormonal crosstalks in their complex regulatory networks, it is of high significance to investigate the spatial and temporal distributions of multiple -phytohormones simultaneously from one plant tissue sample. In this study, we develop a high-sensitivity and high-throughput method for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of 44 phytohormone compounds, covering currently known 10 major classes of phytohormones (strigolactones, brassinosteroids, gibberellins, auxin, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, cytokinins, ethylene, and polypeptide hormones [e.

Multi-analysis of sheath senescence provides new insights into bamboo shoot development at the fast growth stage.

Sheath senescence is an important part of bamboo shoot development during the fast growth stage. However, no information has been reported about this distinctive process until now. Using multiple approaches, we found that sheath senescence is a complex process that occurs sequentially with chloroplast corruption, chlorophyll degradation and water loss.

ζ-Carotene Isomerase Suppresses Tillering in Rice through the Coordinated Biosynthesis of Strigolactone and Abscisic Acid.

Rice tillering is an important agronomic trait affecting grain yield. Here, we identified a high-tillering mutant tillering20 (t20), which could be restored to the wild type by treatment with the strigolactone (SL) analog rac-GR24. T20 encodes a chloroplast ζ-carotene isomerase (Z-ISO), which is involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids and their metabolites, SL and abscisic acid (ABA).

DROOPY LEAF1 controls leaf architecture by orchestrating early brassinosteroid signaling.

Leaf architecture directly determines canopy structure, and thus, grain yield in crops. Leaf droopiness is an agronomic trait primarily affecting the cereal leaf architecture but the genetic basis and underlying molecular mechanism of this trait remain unclear. Here, we report that DROOPY LEAF1 (DPY1), an LRR receptor-like kinase, plays a crucial role in determining leaf droopiness by controlling the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling output in , an emerging model for Panicoideae grasses.

Cysteine protease RD21A regulated by E3 ligase SINAT4 is required for drought-induced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis.

Plants can be simultaneously exposed to multiple stresses. The interplay of abiotic and biotic stresses may result in synergistic or antagonistic effects on plant development and health. Temporary drought stress can stimulate plant immunity; however, the molecular mechanism of drought-induced immunity is largely unknown.

The challenges of urgent radical sigmoid colorectal cancer resection in a COVID-19 patient: A case report.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic presents a unique global health challenge further complicating surgical management of COVID-19 positive patients due to a lack of published literature.

Case: Within we discuss a 48-year-old Chinese man, presenting with acute gastrointestinal obstruction due to sigmoid colonic mass. The patient was screened and tested positive for COVID 19 due to his employment in Wuhan, China at the COVID-19 pandemic epicenter.

A Strigolactone Biosynthesis Gene Contributed to the Green Revolution in Rice.

Plant architecture is a complex agronomic trait and a major factor of crop yield, which is affected by several important hormones. Strigolactones (SLs) are identified as a new class hormoneinhibiting branching in many plant species and have been shown to be involved in various developmental processes. Genetical and chemical modulation of the SL pathway is recognized as a promising approach to modify plant architecture.

Promotion of BR Biosynthesis by miR444 Is Required for Ammonium-Triggered Inhibition of Root Growth.

Rice (), the staple food for almost half of the world's population, prefers ammonium (NH ) as the major nitrogen resource, and while NH has profound effects on rice growth and yields, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of steroidal hormones playing key roles in plant growth and development. In this study, we show that NH promotes BR biosynthesis through miR444 to regulate rice root growth.

LncRNA LINC00470 promotes the degradation of PTEN mRNA to facilitate malignant behavior in gastric cancer cells.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most frequent malignancy worldwide. Recently, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00470 has been demonstrated to play an oncogenic role in human cancer. However, the clinical significance and functional role of LINC00470 in the progression of GC is largely unknown.