Hydrogel-based bimodal sensors for high-sensitivity independent detection of temperature and strain.

Avoiding crosstalk between strain and temperature detection is crucial for bimodal hydrogel sensors, yet achieving high sensitivity for both parameters while maintaining signal decoupling remains a significant challenge. In this study, a bimodal sensor was developed by locally coating poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) onto the hydrogel surface, creating distinct regions for strain and temperature detection. These regions form localized strain concentration zones and wrinkle structures, respectively.