A prospective blinded diagnostic accuracy study to assess the accuracy of fetal weight estimation at term by clinical method using Leopold's maneuvers and ultrasonography in predicting the actual birth weight.

Context: Over-medicalization of normal pregnancy is associated with unnecessary inductions of labor leading to operative deliveries. In a busy outpatient department (OPD) or low-resource setup where ultrasound availability, experience, and cost will be a concern, routine ultrasound at term can be avoided if the clinical estimation of fetal weight is more or less equal to the actual birth weight.

Aims: To assess the reliability and validity of fetal weight estimation at term by ultrasound and clinical estimation.

C- reactive protein levels in women with prelabour rupture of membrane and women with normal labour.

Background: There is a very little information known about CRP in term pregnancies. It is a marker that is easily tested and is inexpensive. Although CRP has been used very effectively in diagnosing infection in the neonate, its clinical use and values have not been studied in term pregnancies.

Study protocol: 'a large cohort study of postnatal events in a not-for-profit referral centre in Vellore, South India'.

Introduction: In a large developing country, with diverse population characteristics and differential access to healthcare, it is important to identify factors that influence postnatal health. This knowledge will help frame recommendations to enhance universal postnatal care.

Methods And Analysis: A prospective cohort study will be conducted by recruiting all participants who deliver in a referral centre in South India during a 1-year period after written consent is obtained from them.

Is new onset hypertension in obese women more likely to be Gestational Hypertension? - A retrospective study.

Introduction: New onset hypertension is more common in antenatal women with increased Body Mass Index (BMI). This may be due to either gestational hypertension (GH) or pre-eclampsia (PE). GH unlike PE is not associated with poor perinatal outcomes and would not require interventions such as increased antenatal visits and induction of labour.

Induction of labor using Foley catheter with weight attached versus without weight attached: A randomized control trial.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness in preventing cesarean section for failed induction by using Foley catheter for cervical ripening in comparison to Foley catheter with a weight attached to it.

Methods: A randomized control trial conducted between November 2018 and July 2020, which looked at induction of labor with 30-ml Foley catheter in one arm and the Foley placed with a 500 ml weight attached to it in the other arm. Primary outcome was the cesarean section rate.

Audit of level II scans in a tertiary center of a middle-income country (MIC).

Context: Significant anomalies are those that are lethal or those that require prolonged follow-up and unaffordable treatments. Detection of these anomalies allows early termination or the support systems necessary for pregnancies with these diagnoses. Anxiety associated with overdiagnosis makes the woman a victim of modern imaging technology.

Expectant versus immediate delivery in women with PPROM between 34 and 35 weeks: A Retrospective cohort.

Context: Studies comparing the efficacy of expectant management (EM) and immediate delivery (ID) in the management of women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) between 34 and 35 weeks have not been done in a developing country. Although large multicentric studies show better outcomes with EM, the economic implications have not been studied.

Aims: This study compared women with PPROM between 34 and 35 weeks, managed expectantly with women who were delivered immediately.

A prospective observational study of the follow-up of medical management of early pregnancy failure.

Background: Medical termination for missed miscarriage with the use of 800 μg of vaginal misoprostol as a single agent is recommended as a cheap option before 14 weeks of gestation in developing countries. A few studies have looked at its efficacy.

Methods: A prospective, observational study was done on women having medical termination with up to three doses of 800 μg vaginal misoprostol at 12 hourly intervals.

How safe is metformin when initiated in early pregnancy? A retrospective 5-year study of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus from India.

Background: The initiation of metformin in early pregnancy in Gestational Diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains controversial. The aim of our study was to assess the influence of Metformin on maternal and fetal outcomes when initiated within the first trimester of pregnancy in GDM.

Methods And Materials: A retrospective analysis of 540 women with diabetes complicating pregnancy (IADPSG criteria) over five years (January 2011 to May 2016) was done.

A retrospective study of the prevalence and outcomes of syphilis in pregnancy in a 5-year period.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of syphilis in pregnancy and to assess the effect of syphilis on maternal and perinatal outcomes.

Methods: In a retrospective study, data were reviewed for pregnant women who tested positive for syphilis during routine prenatal screening at a center in India between January 2011 and December 2015. Women with both a positive venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test and a positive Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) were considered to have syphilis, and their maternal and fetal outcomes were assessed.

Randomized controlled trial of the effect of amniotomy on the duration of spontaneous labor.

Objective: To investigate the effect of amniotomy on the duration of spontaneous labor.

Methods: In the present randomized controlled trial, women in spontaneous labor with singleton pregnancies presenting at a tertiary teaching hospital in South India between August 1, 2014, and October 31, 2015, were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to undergo amniotomy or conservative management. The primary outcome was the duration of labor.

Digital stretching of cervix in the active phase of labour to shorten its duration: a randomised control trial.

An assessment of the efficacy and satisfaction of women in active labour having digital cervical stretching compared to women who did not have this intervention. Ours was a randomised controlled trial at a tertiary centre in India. Low-risk women at term with vertex presentation in active labour with ruptured membranes and cervical dilation of 4-6 cm were included.

Randomized double-blind placebo controlled study of preinduction cervical priming with 25 µg of misoprostol in the outpatient setting to prevent formal induction of labour.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of preinduction outpatient use of a single dose of 25 μg vaginal misoprostol between 38 and 40 weeks with that of placebo, to decrease the interval from intervention to delivery after stretch and sweep in low-risk gravid women with Bishop's score <4.

Method: Sixty three women received 25 μg vaginal misoprostol and 63 women received placebo after stretch and sweep.

Results: The duration from intervention to delivery was 3.

A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial comparing stepwise oral misoprostol with vaginal misoprostol for induction of labour.

A comparison of induction of labour (IOL) using three doses of 25 µg vaginal misoprostol inserted at intervals of 4 h or more with a stepwise oral regime starting with 50 µg followed by two doses of 100 µg was studied in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in a tertiary centre in South India. Primary outcome was vaginal delivery in 24 h. Significantly more women in the first group required oxytocin augmentation and a third dose of the drug than women in the second group.

A randomised controlled trial comparing 30 mL and 80 mL in Foley catheter for induction of labour after previous Caesarean section.

Inducing labour with a Foley balloon catheter rather than using oxytocin or prostaglandins is considered to be less risky if the uterus is scarred. It is not known if more fluid in the balloon is more effective without being more dangerous. Volumes of 80 mL and 30 mL were compared in 154 eligible women.

A Case Control Study to Evaluate the Association between Primary Cesarean Section for Dystocia and Vitamin D Deficiency.

Background: Milder forms of vitamin D deficiency could be responsible for poor muscular performance causing dysfunctional labor. The aim of our research was to study the association between vitamin D deficiency and primary cesarean section.

Materials And Methods: This was a case control study.

Comparison of neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes with moderate hyperglycaemia on metformin or glibenclamide--a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Two oral hypoglycaemic agents, metformin and glibenclamide, have been compared with insulin in separate large randomised controlled trials and have been found to be as effective as insulin in gestational diabetes. However, very few trials have compared metformin with glibenclamide.

Materials And Methods: Of 159 South Indian women with fasting glucose ≥5.

Misoprostol versus Foley catheter insertion for induction of labor in pregnancies affected by fetal growth restriction.

Objective: To compare 25μg of vaginal misoprostol with a Foley catheter for induction of labor (IOL) for fetal growth restriction.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary center in South India. Women with fetal growth restriction (n=100) were randomized to be induced with three doses of vaginal misoprostol (25μg) every 6hours or with an intracervical Foley catheter, inserted 12hours before rupture of membranes, and oxytocin if needed.

Back to the future: examining type 2 diabetic vasculature using the gestational diabetic placenta.

Understanding the association between the intrauterine hyperglycemic milieu and the development of adult diabetic vasculopathy is of particular relevance in India, where diabetes and vascular disease are prevalent. The gestational diabetes mellitus placenta is a valuable tool to examine blood vessels that have been exposed to hyperglycemic cues. We report an interesting observation in a cohort of gestational diabetes mellitus foetal placental vasculature from South India.

A nested case-control study to evaluate the association between fetal growth restriction and vitamin B12 deficiency.

Objectives: To study the association between maternal vitamin B12 levels and fetal growth restriction.

Methods: In this nested case-control study, a cohort of low-risk women attending the antenatal clinic had their blood samples taken and stored at 28-31 weeks gestation. They were followed until delivery.

Acromegaly in pregnancy.

Pregnancy in a patient with acromegaly is a rare occurrence. Here in, we report a patient with acromegaly who presented to us in the 2(nd) trimester of pregnancy with visual loss in the right eye. Her vision improved after surgery.

Retrospective cohort study comparing neonatal outcomes of women treated with glyburide or insulin in gestational diabetes: a 5-year experience in a South Indian teaching hospital.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of glyburide in preventing complications of gestational diabetes in neonates as compared to insulin.

Materials And Methods: Information from birth register, maternal and neonatal records were obtained. Five hundred and seventy-seven gestational diabetics with moderate hyperglycemia i.

A randomized controlled trial to study the effect of IV hydration on the duration of labor in nulliparous women.

Purpose: To compare the effects of two different regimens of intravenous hydration and oral hydration on the duration of active labor.

Methods: Two hundred and ninety-three low risk term primigravida in active labor were randomized into three groups. The first group had 99 patients who received oral fluids only, the second group of 98 patients received intravenous Ringer lactate at the rate of 125 ml/h (IV 125 ml) and the third group had 96 patients who received intravenous Ringer lactate at a rate of 250 ml/h (IV 250 ml).