Ultrahigh-gain colloidal quantum dot infrared avalanche photodetectors.

Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising for infrared photodetectors with high detectivity and low-cost production. Although CQDs enable photoinduced charge multiplication, thermal noise in low-bandgap materials limits their performance in IR detectors. Here we present a pioneering architecture of a CQD-based infrared photodetector that uses kinetically pumped avalanche multiplication.

Outcomes of a 1-Year Pilot Study Implementing Universal Hepatitis Delta Virus Testing Among Veterans With Chronic Hepatitis B.

Current US guidelines recommend risk-based testing for hepatitis delta virus (HDV) in persons with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). While there is debate as to whether a risk-based or universal testing approach is most effective, limited data exist on universal HDV testing programs in the United States. We performed a 1-year pilot study evaluating the outcomes of a universal HDV testing approach among US veterans with CHB.

Brightening deep-blue perovskite light-emitting diodes: A path to Rec. 2020.

Deep-blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) of high purity are highly sought after for next-generation displays complying with the Rec. 2020 standard. However, mixed-halide perovskite materials designed for deep-blue emitters are prone to halide vacancies, which readily occur because of the low formation energy of chloride vacancies.

Impacts of radiation exposure, hindlimb unloading, and recovery on murine skeletal muscle cell telomere length.

Astronauts are exposed to harsh conditions, including cosmic radiation and microgravity. Spaceflight elongates human telomeres in peripheral blood, which shorten upon return to Earth and approach baseline levels during postflight recovery. Astronauts also encounter muscle atrophy, losing up to 20% loss of muscle mass on spaceflights.

Unlocking the Potential of Colloidal Quantum Dot/Organic Hybrid Solar Cells: Band Tunable Interfacial Layer Approach.

Hybrid colloidal quantum dot (CQD)/organic architectures are promising candidates for emerging optoelectronic devices having high performance and inexpensive fabrication. For unlocking the potential of CQD/organic hybrid devices, enhancing charge extraction properties at electron transport layer (ETL)/CQD interfaces is crucial. Hence, we carefully adjust the interface properties between the ETL and CQD layer by incorporating an interfacial layer for the ETL (EIL) using several types of cinnamic acid ligands.

Quantum Dot-Siloxane Anchoring on Colloidal Quantum Dot Film for Flexible Photovoltaic Cell.

Lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising materials for next-generation flexible solar cells because of near-infrared absorption, facile bandgap tunability, and superior air stability. However, CQD devices still lack enough flexibility to be applied to wearable devices owing to the poor mechanical properties of CQD films. In this study, a facile approach is proposed to improve the mechanical stability of CQDs solar cells without compromising the high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices.

Candida albicans-specific Th17 cell-mediated response contributes to alcohol-associated liver disease.

Alcohol-associated liver disease is accompanied by intestinal mycobiome dysbiosis, yet the impacts on liver disease are unclear. We demonstrate that Candida albicans-specific T helper 17 (Th17) cells are increased in circulation and present in the liver of patients with alcohol-associated liver disease. Chronic ethanol administration in mice causes migration of Candida albicans (C.

Fission impossible: Mitochondrial dynamics direct muscle stem cell fates.

Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) exhibit different metabolic profiles depending on their activity, however the mechanisms by which mitochondria affect MuSC fate has been understudied. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Hong et al. (2022) and Baker et al.

PDE4B Is a Homeostatic Regulator of Cyclic AMP in Dendritic Cells.

Chronic decreases in the second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) occur in numerous settings, but how cells compensate for such decreases is unknown. We have used a unique system-murine dendritic cells (DCs) with a DC-selective depletion of the heterotrimeric GTP binding protein Gα-to address this issue. These mice spontaneously develop Th2-allergic asthma and their DCs have persistently lower cAMP levels.

Piezo1 regulates the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscles via orchestration of stem cell morphological states.

Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are essential for tissue homeostasis and regeneration, but the potential contribution of MuSC morphology to in vivo function remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that quiescent MuSCs are morphologically heterogeneous and exhibit different patterns of cellular protrusions. We classified quiescent MuSCs into three functionally distinct stem cell states: responsive, intermediate, and sensory.

ANT2 drives proinflammatory macrophage activation in obesity.

Macrophage proinflammatory activation is an important etiologic component of the development of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Here, we demonstrate that a mitochondrial inner membrane protein, adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (ANT2), mediates proinflammatory activation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in obesity.

Metastasis Risk Assessment Using BAG2 Expression by Cancer-Associated Fibroblast and Tumor Cells in Patients with Breast Cancer.

Few studies have examined the role of BAG2 in malignancies. We investigated the prognostic value of BAG2-expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor cells in predicting metastasis-free survival in patients with breast cancer. Tissue-microarray was constructed using human breast cancer tissues obtained by surgical resection between 1992 and 2015.

Lithium Chloride Protects against Sepsis-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Cancer Cachexia.

Inflammation-mediated skeletal muscle wasting occurs in patients with sepsis and cancer cachexia. Both conditions severely affect patient morbidity and mortality. Lithium chloride has previously been shown to enhance myogenesis and prevent certain forms of muscular dystrophy.

Screening ginseng saponins in progenitor cells identifies 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh as an enhancer of skeletal and cardiac muscle regeneration.

Aging is associated with increased prevalence of skeletal and cardiac muscle disorders, such as sarcopenia and cardiac infarction. In this study, we constructed a compendium of purified ginsenoside compounds from Panax ginseng C.A.

Inhibition of IRF4 in dendritic cells by PRR-independent and -dependent signals inhibit Th2 and promote Th17 responses.

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is involved in many biological processes but little is known regarding its role in shaping immunity. Here we show that cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling (a pattern recognition receptor [PRR]-independent mechanism) regulates conventional type-2 Dendritic Cells (cDC2s) in mice and reprograms their Th17-inducing properties via repression of IRF4 and KLF4, transcription factors essential for cDC2-mediated Th2 induction. In mice, genetic loss of IRF4 phenocopies the effects of cAMP on Th17 induction and restoration of IRF4 prevents the cAMP effect.

High A20 expression negatively impacts survival in patients with breast cancer.

Background: A20 protein has ubiquitin-editing activities and acts as a key regulator of inflammation and immunity. Previously, our group showed that A20 promotes tumor metastasis through multi-monoubiquitylation of SNAIL1 in basal-like breast cancer. Here, we investigated survival outcomes in patients with breast cancer according to A20 expression.

TiCaPCON-Supported Pt- and Fe-Based Nanoparticles and Related Antibacterial Activity.

A rapid increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria urgently requires the development of new more effective yet safe materials to fight infection. Herein, we uncovered the contribution of different metal nanoparticles (NPs) (Pt, Fe, and their combination) homogeneously distributed over the surface of nanostructured TiCaPCON films in the total antibacterial activity toward eight types of clinically isolated bacterial strains ( K261, B1079k/17-3, B1280A/17, no. 839, i5189-1, Ya-235: VanA, I-237: VanA, and U20) taking into account various factors that can affect bacterial mechanisms: surface chemistry and phase composition, wettability, ion release, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), potential difference and polarity change between NPs and the surrounding matrix, formation of microgalvanic couples on the sample surfaces, and contribution of a passive oxide layer, formed on the surface of films, to general kinetics of the NP dissolution.

Machine learning models based on the dimensionality reduction of standard automated perimetry data for glaucoma diagnosis.

Introduction: Visual field testing via standard automated perimetry (SAP) is a commonly used glaucoma diagnosis method. Applying machine learning techniques to the visual field test results, a valid clinical diagnosis of glaucoma solely based on the SAP data is provided. In order to reflect structural-functional patterns of glaucoma on the automated diagnostic models, we propose composite variables derived from anatomically grouped visual field clusters to improve the prediction performance.

ENOblock inhibits the pathology of diet-induced obesity.

Obesity is a medical condition that impacts on all levels of society and causes numerous comorbidities, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. We assessed the suitability of targeting enolase, a glycolysis pathway enzyme with multiple, secondary functions in cells, to treat obesity. Treating adipocytes with ENOblock, a novel modulator of these secondary 'moonlighting' functions of enolase, suppressed the adipogenic program and induced mitochondrial uncoupling.

Effect of the Micelle Opening in Self-assembled Amphiphilic Block Co-polymer Films on the Infiltration of Inorganic Precursors.

Infiltration of the polymer templates with inorganic precursors using the selective vapor-phase infiltration approach, or sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS), allows the design of materials with advanced properties. Swelling of the block co-polymer (BCP) templates enables the additional control of the structure, porosity, and thickness of the composite or inorganic materials. Here, we use the highly precise quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique to investigate quantitatively the effect of the micelle opening by swelling and inorganic precursor infiltrating on the evolution of porosity in amphiphilic BCPs.