When global and local information about attentional demands collide: evidence for global dominance.

This study investigated how global and local information about attentional demands influence attentional control, with a special interest in whether one information source dominates when they conflict. In Experiment 1, we manipulated proportion congruence in two blocks (i.e.

The dominance of item learning in the location-specific proportion congruence paradigm.

Prior research has shown that various cues are exploited to reactively adjust attention, and such adjustments depend on learning associations between cues and proportion congruence. This raises the intriguing question of what will be learned when more than one cue is available, a question that has implications for understanding which cue(s) will dominate in guiding reactive adjustments. Evidence from a picture-word Stroop task demonstrated that item learning dominated over location learning in a location-specific proportion congruence (LSPC) paradigm, a pattern that may explain the difficulty researchers have faced in replicating and reproducing the LSPC effect.

The shaping of cognitive control based on the adaptive weighting of expectations and experience.

Existing approaches in the literature on cognitive control in conflict tasks almost exclusively target the outcome of control (by comparing mean congruency effects) and not the processes that shape control. These approaches are limited in addressing a current theoretical issue-what contribution does learning make to adjustments in cognitive control? In the present study, we evaluated an alternative approach by reanalyzing existing data sets using generalized linear mixed models that enabled us to examine trial-level changes in control within abbreviated lists that varied in theoretically significant ways (e.g.

On the automaticity of reactive item-specific control as evidenced by its efficiency under load.

Traditionally cognitive control is described as slow-acting, effortful, and strategic. Against this backdrop, the notion of "automatic control" is an oxymoron. However, recent findings indicate control also operates quickly with adjustments occurring outside awareness, leaving open the possibility that control could be automatic under certain conditions.

What can be learned in a context-specific proportion congruence paradigm? Implications for reproducibility.

Crump and Milliken (2009) reported a context-specific proportion congruence (CSPC) effect for inducer and diagnostic sets, the strongest evidence to date of context-specific control. Attempts to replicate/reproduce this evidence have failed, including Experiment 1. Using a picture-word Stroop task, we tackled the question of how to interpret such failures by testing the consistency hypothesis (Hutcheon & Spieler, 2017) and two novel hypotheses inspired by our theorizing about learning opportunities in the CSPC paradigm.

Approach and avoidance movements modulate value-driven attentional capture.

Recent studies have shown that visual features that were previously associated with a high monetary reward attract visual attention, a finding referred to as . Given the fact that a reward often follows an action, the present study examined how approach and avoidance movements made to achieve a reward might modulate value-driven attentional capture. Experiment 1 revealed that a color that was previously associated with a high reward was more likely to capture visual attention than a color that was previously associated with a low reward, but only when the reward had been achieved by an approaching movement.

Assessing the temporal learning account of the list-wide proportion congruence effect.

In this article, we assess an alternative account of a key experimental pattern thought to index top-down control. The list-wide proportion congruence effect is the well-documented pattern whereby the congruency effect (i.e.

Action influences unconscious visual processing.

It has long been known that action is tightly linked to visual perception. In support of this connection, recent studies have shown that making a simple action towards a visual object can bias subsequent visual processing of features of the acted-on object. The present study examined whether conscious awareness of the acted-on object is necessary to yield this action effect.

Tool use produces a size illusion revealing action-specific perceptual mechanisms.

In four experiments, participants estimated the sizes of target objects that were either out of reach, or that could be reached by a tool (a stylus or laser pointer). Objects reachable with the aid of a tool were perceived to be smaller than identical objects without a tool. Participants' responses to questioning rule out demand characteristics as an explanation.

Reduced object-based perception in the near-hand space.

Previous studies have shown that hand proximity changes visual perception (Abrams et al. in Cognition 107(3):1035-1047, 2008). The present study examined the effects of hand proximity on object-based perception.

Dose of GnRH agonist (nafarelin acetate) affects intrafollicular PAPP-A expression in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycle.

Objective: To determine the effect of dose of GnRH agonist on the follicular environment in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) cycles.

Study Design: Twenty-eight IVF patients with normal ovarian function were divided into three groups: group I received GnRHa (nafarelin acetate/Synarel) intranasally at 200 microg daily, group II received 400 microg daily until hCG injection, and group III was given 400 microg daily before the initiation of ovarian stimulation, then 200 microg daily before the day of hCG injection. Serum estradiol, progesterone, and leptin levels were measured on the day of hCG injection.