Sponge Mats, but not Taekwondo Mats, Reduce Landing Impact From Heights of 0.45, 0.90, and 1.35 m in Taekwondo Gyeokpa Players.

Context: This study compared landing impact between 3 landing heights on 3 landing surfaces by quantifying vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) profile and knee joint angle.

Design: Crossover.

Methods: Nineteen healthy male college Taekwondo (TKD) Gyeokpa players (age: 20.

Ultrasonography assessments of talar cartilage and ATFL after running in chronically unstable, coper, and healthy ankles: a case-control study.

Background: Comparisons of talar cartilage and the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) profiles in individuals with different levels of chronic ankle instability (CAI) provide insight into early adaptation of tissue morphology.

Purpose: This study compared morphologic response and recovery of the talar cartilage and ATFL before and after 30-min of self-paced treadmill running between individuals with CAI, coper (full recovery from a first-time ankle sprain), and healthy controls.

Methods: Sixty young males (24.

Morphologic Response in Femoral Cartilage During and After 40-Minute Treadmill Running.

Context: It is unclear whether the response in femoral cartilage to running at different intensities is different.

Objective: To examine the acute patterns of deformation and recovery in femoral cartilage thickness during and after running at different speeds.

Design: Crossover study.

Change in Femoral Cartilage Cross-Sectional Area After Aerobic and Resistance Exercise.

We compared the immediate response and recovery of femoral cartilage morphology following aerobic or resistance exercise to a control condition. Fifteen healthy young males (23.9 years; 170.

A warm-up strategy with or without voluntary contraction on athletic performance, lower-leg temperature, and blood lactate concentration.

It is unclear whether temperature-related warm-up effects can be accomplished by passive warm-up (e.g., by external heat).

Lower Extremity Muscle Volume in Unilateral and Bilateral Patellofemoral Pain: A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study Including Superficial and Deep Muscles.

Context: Existing patellofemoral pain (PFP) literature has primarily been focused on quadriceps muscle volume, with limited attention given to the deep and superficial muscle volume of the lower limbs in individuals with unilateral and bilateral PFP. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap.

Objective: To explore superficial and deep lower extremity muscle volume in women with unilateral or bilateral PFP compared with a normative database of pain-free women.

Sex Differences in Knee Extensor Neuromuscular Function in Individuals With and Without Patellofemoral Pain.

Background: Impaired knee extensor neuromuscular function has been frequently observed in individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP); however, few researchers have aimed to understand the influence of sex on knee extensor neuromuscular function in this pathological population. The authors aimed to determine whether there are differences in knee extensor neuromuscular function between sexes in individuals with and without PFP.

Hypothesis: Women with PFP would exhibit greater deficits in knee extensor neuromuscular function than men with PFP, compared with sex-matched individuals without PFP.

Exercise-induced fatigue affects knee proprioceptive acuity and quadriceps neuromuscular function more in patients with ACL reconstruction or meniscus surgery than in healthy individuals.

Purpose: To observe how knee proprioceptive acuity and quadriceps neuromuscular function change during and after repeated isokinetic knee-extension exercise in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) or meniscus surgery.

Methods: Patients with ACLR or meniscus surgery and matched controls (n = 19 in each group) performed knee-flexion replication at 15° and 75°, and quadriceps peak torque (PT), central activation ratio (CAR) and rate of torque development (RTD) at baseline and immediately after every five sets of isokinetic knee-extension exercise (times 1-5).

Results: Compared to the baseline, the ACLR and control groups displayed errors in knee-flexion replication at 75° only at time 5 (115.

Seasonal occurrence of bark and woodboring Coleoptera in stands of Pinus densiflora (Pinales: Pinaceae) and Larix kaempferi (Pinales: Pinaceae) and monitoring method using multifunnel traps baited with pine volatiles.

This study investigated the seasonal occurrence of bark and woodboring Coleoptera in Pinus densiflora (Pinales: Pinaceae), and Larix kaempferi (Pinales: Pinaceae) stands using multifunnel traps baited with pine volatiles in Korea. The number and species of bark and woodboring beetles caught in traps baited with ethanol, α-pinene, and ethanol+α-pinene were compared to determine the effective attractants. In addition, the effects of other pine volatiles, such as (-)-β-pinene, β-caryophyllene, (±)-limonene, β-myrcene, and 3-carene, were investigated.

Delta/Notch-like Epidermal Growth Factor-Related Receptor (DNER), a Potential Prognostic Marker of Gastric Cancer Regulates Cell Survival and Cell Cycle Progression.

Upregulation of the expression of Delta/notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor (DNER) and its oncogenic role have been reported in several cancers, including gastric, breast, and prostate cancers. This study aimed to investigate the oncogenic role of DNER and the mechanisms behind its oncogenic role in gastric cancer. Analysis of the RNASeq data of gastric cancer tissues obtained from the TCGA database revealed that the expression of DNER was associated with the pathology of advanced gastric cancer and the prognosis of patients.

Modulation of Spheroid Forming Capacity and TRAIL Sensitivity by KLF4 and Nanog in Gastric Cancer Cells.

The expression of pluripotency factors, and their associations with clinicopathological parameters and drug response have been described in various cancers, including gastric cancer. This study investigated the association of pluripotency factor expression with the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer patients, as well as changes in the expression of these factors upon the stem cell-enriching spheroid culture of gastric cancer cells, regulation of sphere-forming capacity, and response to cisplatin and TRAIL treatments by Nanog and KLF4. Nanog expression was significantly associated with the emergence of a new tumor and a worse prognosis in gastric cancer patients.

Quadriceps Neuromuscular Function During and After Exercise-Induced Fatigue in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain.

Context: Exercise-induced fatigue reduces muscle force production and motoneuron pool excitability. However, it is unclear if patients with patellofemoral pain (PFP) experience further loss in quadriceps neuromuscular function due to fatigue during exercise and postexercise.

Objective: To observe how quadriceps maximal strength, activation, and force-generating capacity change during and after repetitive bouts of isokinetic knee-extension exercise in patients with PFP.

Field Confirmation of (Z)-9-Heptacosene and (3Z,6Z,9Z)-Tricosatriene as Key Sex Pheromone Components of Korean Conogethes punctiferalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).

Recently, insufficient attractiveness of Conogethes punctiferalis Guenée adult males to sex pheromone, -(E)-10-hexadecenal and (Z)-10-hexadecenal, has been reported. To identify the other essential components of sex pheromone, male and female body extracts were analyzed. Two hydrocarbon components, (Z)-9-heptacosene (Z9-27:HC) and (3Z,6Z,9Z)-tricosatriene (Z3,Z6,Z9-23:HC), were identified from only female body extract.

Bilateral Knee Joint Cooling on Anaerobic Capacity and Wheel Cadence during Sprint Cycling Intervals.

We compared the effect of bilateral knee joint cooling with or without a pre-cooling warm-up on sprint cycling performance to a non-cooling control condition. Seventeen healthy young males (25 ± 2 years, 174 ± 6 cm, 70 ± 9 kg) performed three conditions in a counterbalanced order (condition 1: warming + cooling + cycling; condition 2: cooling + cycling; condition 3: cycling). For warming, a single set of cycling intervals (a 10 s sprint with maximal effort followed by a 180 s active recovery; resistive load 4% and 1% body mass for sprint and recovery, respectively) was performed.

Comparison of 4 Different Cooldown Strategies on Lower-Leg Temperature, Blood Lactate Concentration, and Fatigue Perception After Intense Running.

Context: Although active recovery (AR) and cold application is recommended, many people take a shower after exercise. Therefore, a direct comparison between a shower and other recommended methods (AR and/or cold-water immersion) is necessary. To compare immediate effects of 4 postexercise cooldown strategies after running.

A 7-min halftime jog mitigated the reduction in sprint performance for the initial 15-min of the second half in a simulated football match.

This study compared the effects of a 7-min shuttle jog during halftime to a control condition (seated rest) on subsequent athletic performance and lower-leg temperature in the second half. Eighteen male football players (22 years, 179 cm, 70 kg, 10 years of athletic career) randomly performed a 20-m shuttle jog (at an intensity of 70% of heart rate maximum) and a seated rest (sitting on a bench) during halftime in two separate sessions. A 5-min football simulation protocol consisting of football-specific activities (jumping, sprinting, kicking, passing, and dribbling at various intensities and distances) was repeated nine times to mimic the first and second half of a football match.

A Canine Case of Infection Detected by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry.

Nocardiosis, a rare infectious disease in dogs and cats, is caused by Gram-positive aerobic actinomycetes of the genus . A one-year-old castrated male Great Dane was presented with clinical signs of an ulcerated nodule on the right ear, which was observed after two weeks of treatment with cyclosporine and prednisolone due to idiopathic hepatitis. Cytological examination revealed pyogranulomatous inflammatory cells and blanched filamentous rods.

Competitive Hybridization of a Microarray Identifies CMKLR1 as an Up-Regulated Gene in Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Compared to Human Embryonic Fibroblasts.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely applied to the regeneration of damaged tissue and the modulation of immune response. The purity of MSC preparation and the delivery of MSCs to a target region are critical factors for success in therapeutic application. In order to define the molecular identity of an MSC, the gene expression pattern of a human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) was compared with that of a human embryonic fibroblast (hEF) by competitive hybridization of a microarray.

Functional Network Changes After High-Frequency rTMS Over the Most Activated Speech-Related Area Combined With Speech Therapy in Chronic Stroke With Non-fluent Aphasia.

Objective: High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) to the lesional hemisphere requires prudence in selecting the appropriate stimulation spot. Functional near-IR spectroscopy (fNIRS) can be used in both selecting the stimulation spot and assessing the changes of the brain network. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of HF-rTMS on the most activated spot identified with fNIRS and assess the changes of brain functional network in the patients with poststroke aphasia.

Influence of Severity and Duration of Anterior Knee Pain on Quadriceps Function and Self-Reported Function.

Context: Little is known about how the combination of pain severity and duration affects quadriceps function and self-reported function in patients with anterior knee pain (AKP).

Objective: To examine how severity (low [≤3 of 10] versus high [>3 of 10]) and duration (short [<2 years] versus long [>2 years]) of AKP affect quadriceps function and self-reported function.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Feasibility study of immersive virtual prism adaptation therapy with depth-sensing camera using functional near-infrared spectroscopy in healthy adults.

Prism Adaptation (PA) is used to alleviate spatial neglect. We combined immersive virtual reality with a depth-sensing camera to develop virtual prism adaptation therapy (VPAT), which block external visual cues and easily quantify and monitor errors than conventional PA. We conducted a feasibility study to investigate whether VPAT can induce behavioral adaptations by measuring after-effect and identifying which cortical areas were most significantly activated during VPAT using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Comparisons of musculoskeletal injuries among three different modalities of Taekwondo (Kyorugi, Poomsae, and Shibum): a one-year follow-up prospective epidemiologic study.

The purpose of the study was to report the injury rates and characteristics (body location, type, mechanism, and severity) of musculoskeletal injuries in Kyorugi, Poomsae, and Shibum. A total of 137 Korean collegiate Taekwondo players - Kyorugi (n = 44), Poomsae (n = 46), and Shibum (n = 47) - were prospectively studied in 2019. Injury rates per 1,000 athlete-exposures (AEs) and time-exposures (TEs) during training and competition were calculated.

Identification of Sex Pheromone Components of Korean Dioryctria abietella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Population and Synergism of Pheromone and Pine Cone Volatile Blends.

(9Z,11E)-tetradecadienyl acetate (9Z,11E-14:OAc) and (3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-pentacosapentaene (C25 pentaene), known as the sex pheromone of the European Dioryctria abietella population, were identified in the Korean D. abietella population. The ratio of 9Z,11E-14:OAc to C25 pentaene extracted from female pheromone glands was 1:23.