Design considerations for optogenetic applications of soft micro-LED-based device systems across diverse nervous systems.

Optogenetics enables precise, cell-specific control of neural activity, surpassing traditional electrical stimulation methods that indiscriminately activate nearby cells, making it crucial for rehabilitation, neurological disorder treatment, and understanding neural circuits. Among light sources for delivering light to genetically modified cells, bio-implants integrated with Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) have recently been the focus of extensive research due to their advantage of enabling local photogeneration. Unlike laser-based systems, which require tethered setups that hinder behavioral experiments, μ-LED-based devices allow for wireless operation, facilitating more natural movement in subjects.

Monolithic 3D integration of 2D materials-based electronics towards ultimate edge computing solutions.

Three-dimensional (3D) hetero-integration technology is poised to revolutionize the field of electronics by stacking functional layers vertically, thereby creating novel 3D circuity architectures with high integration density and unparalleled multifunctionality. However, the conventional 3D integration technique involves complex wafer processing and intricate interlayer wiring. Here we demonstrate monolithic 3D integration of two-dimensional, material-based artificial intelligence (AI)-processing hardware with ultimate integrability and multifunctionality.

Position error-free control of magnetic domain-wall devices via spin-orbit torque modulation.

Magnetic domain-wall devices such as racetrack memory and domain-wall shift registers facilitate massive data storage as hard disk drives with low power portability as flash memory devices. The key issue to be addressed is how perfectly the domain-wall motion can be controlled without deformation, as it can replace the mechanical motion of hard disk drives. However, such domain-wall motion in real media is subject to the stochasticity of thermal agitation with quenched disorders, resulting in severe deformations with pinning and tilting.

Vertical full-colour micro-LEDs via 2D materials-based layer transfer.

Micro-LEDs (µLEDs) have been explored for augmented and virtual reality display applications that require extremely high pixels per inch and luminance. However, conventional manufacturing processes based on the lateral assembly of red, green and blue (RGB) µLEDs have limitations in enhancing pixel density. Recent demonstrations of vertical µLED displays have attempted to address this issue by stacking freestanding RGB LED membranes and fabricating top-down, but minimization of the lateral dimensions of stacked µLEDs has been difficult.

Graphene nanopattern as a universal epitaxy platform for single-crystal membrane production and defect reduction.

Heterogeneous integration of single-crystal materials offers great opportunities for advanced device platforms and functional systems. Although substantial efforts have been made to co-integrate active device layers by heteroepitaxy, the mismatch in lattice polarity and lattice constants has been limiting the quality of the grown materials. Layer transfer methods as an alternative approach, on the other hand, suffer from the limited availability of transferrable materials and transfer-process-related obstacles.

Cortical neuroanatomical changes related to specific language impairments in primary progressive aphasia.

Objective: Language function test-specific neural substrates in Korean patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) might differ from those in other causes of dementia and English-speaking PPA patients. We investigated the correlation between language performance tests and cortical thickness to determine neural substrates in Korean patients with PPA.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-six patients with PPA were recruited from the memory clinic.

Chip-less wireless electronic skins by remote epitaxial freestanding compound semiconductors.

Recent advances in flexible and stretchable electronics have led to a surge of electronic skin (e-skin)-based health monitoring platforms. Conventional wireless e-skins rely on rigid integrated circuit chips that compromise the overall flexibility and consume considerable power. Chip-less wireless e-skins based on inductor-capacitor resonators are limited to mechanical sensors with low sensitivities.

Clinical Characteristic in Primary Progressive Aphasia in Relation to Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers.

Background: Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is associated with amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology. However, clinical feature of PPA based on Aβ positivity remains unclear.

Objective: We aimed to assess the prevalence of Aβ positivity in patients with PPA and compare the clinical characteristics of patients with Aβ-positive (A+) and Aβ-negative (A-) PPA.

Synthesis of thermally stable SBT and SBS/SBT intergrowth zeolites.

UCSB-6 (framework type ) and UCSB-10 (), two three-dimensional phosphate-based molecular sieves with supercages accessible through 12-ring (circumscribed by 12 tetrahedral atoms) windows, are structurally similar to the hexagonal and cubic polytypes of faujasite or zeolite Y, an industrially relevant catalyst, but the cage structures are substantially different. Nonetheless, their inherent thermal instability has precluded any catalytic application so far. By using multiple inorganic cation and charge density mismatch approaches, we synthesized PST-32 and PST-2, a thermally stable aluminosilicate version of UCSB-10 and the hypothetical / intergrowth family member, respectively.

Long-term reliable physical health monitoring by sweat pore-inspired perforated electronic skins.

Electronic skins (e-skins)-electronic sensors mechanically compliant to human skin-have long been developed as an ideal electronic platform for noninvasive human health monitoring. For reliable physical health monitoring, the interface between the e-skin and human skin must be conformal and intact consistently. However, conventional e-skins cannot perfectly permeate sweat in normal day-to-day activities, resulting in degradation of the intimate interface over time and impeding stable physical sensing.

An Aluminosilicate Zeolite Containing Rings of Tetrahedral Atoms with All Odd Numbers from Five to Eleven.

Herein we report the synthesis, structure solution, and catalytic properties of PST-31, which has an unprecedented framework topology. This high-silica (Si/Al=16) zeolite was synthesized using a pyrazolium-based dication with a tetramethylene linker as an organic structure-directing agent (OSDA) in hydroxide media. The PST-31 structure is built from new building layers containing four-, five-, six-, and seven-membered rings, which are connected by single four-membered rings in the interlayer region to form a two-dimensional pore system.

3D-3D topotactic transformation in aluminophosphate molecular sieves and its implication in new zeolite structure generation.

Zeolites have unique pore structures of molecular dimensions and tunable compositions, making them ideal for shape selective catalysis and separation. However, targeted synthesis of zeolites with new pore structures and compositions remains a key challenge. Here, we propose an approach based on a unique 3D-3D topotactic transformation, which takes advantage of weak bonding in zeolites.

Transient Light-Emitting Diodes Constructed from Semiconductors and Transparent Conductors that Biodegrade Under Physiological Conditions.

Transient forms of electronics, systems that disintegrate, dissolve, resorb, or sublime in a controlled manner after a well-defined operating lifetime, are of interest for applications in hardware secure technologies, temporary biomedical implants, "green" consumer devices and other areas that cannot be addressed with conventional approaches. Broad sets of materials now exist for a range of transient electronic components, including transistors, diodes, antennas, sensors, and even batteries. This work reports the first examples of transient light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that can completely dissolve in aqueous solutions to biologically and environmentally benign end products.

Bioresorbable photonic devices for the spectroscopic characterization of physiological status and neural activity.

Capabilities in real-time monitoring of internal physiological processes could inform pharmacological drug-delivery schedules, surgical intervention procedures and the management of recovery and rehabilitation. Current methods rely on external imaging techniques or implantable sensors, without the ability to provide continuous information over clinically relevant timescales, and/or with requirements in surgical procedures with associated costs and risks. Here, we describe injectable classes of photonic devices, made entirely of materials that naturally resorb and undergo clearance from the body after a controlled operational lifetime, for the spectroscopic characterization of targeted tissues and biofluids.

Bioresorbable optical sensor systems for monitoring of intracranial pressure and temperature.

Continuous measurements of pressure and temperature within the intracranial, intraocular, and intravascular spaces provide essential diagnostic information for the treatment of traumatic brain injury, glaucoma, and cardiovascular diseases, respectively. Optical sensors are attractive because of their inherent compatibility with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Existing implantable optical components use permanent, nonresorbable materials that must be surgically extracted after use.

Rediscovery of the Importance of Inorganic Synthesis Parameters in the Search for New Zeolites.

Zeolites and related crystalline microporous materials with cavities and channels of molecular dimensions are of major importance for applications ranging from ion-exchange to adsorption and to catalysis. Because their unique shape-selective properties are closely related to the size, shape, and dimensionality of the intracrystalline channels and cavities, much interest has been devoted to the discovery of novel zeolitic materials over the last several decades. As a result, a dramatic expansion in the structural domain of crystalline microporous materials, as well as in their compositional range, has been achieved.

Bioresorbable pressure sensors protected with thermally grown silicon dioxide for the monitoring of chronic diseases and healing processes.

Pressures in the intracranial, intraocular and intravascular spaces are clinically useful for the diagnosis and management of traumatic brain injury, glaucoma and hypertension, respectively. Conventional devices for measuring these pressures require surgical extraction after a relevant operational time frame. Bioresorbable sensors, by contrast, eliminate this requirement, thereby minimizing the risk of infection, decreasing the costs of care and reducing distress and pain for the patient.

An open-framework silicogermanate regularly constructed from natrolite zeolite chains and GeO(OH) clusters.

Here we describe the synthesis and structure of PST-18, a novel open-framework silicogermanate with Si/Ge ∼ 0.6, which contains a three-dimensional pore system consisting of large cuboid-shaped cavities with 8-ring windows, as well as with 7-rings interrupted by one OH group. Synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that the structure of PST-18, synthesized using only tetramethylammonium fluoride as a structure-directing agent, is built up of natrolite zeolite chains and GeO(OH) clusters in a fully ordered manner.

Soft, Skin-Interfaced Microfluidic Systems with Wireless, Battery-Free Electronics for Digital, Real-Time Tracking of Sweat Loss and Electrolyte Composition.

Sweat excretion is a dynamic physiological process that varies with body position, activity level, environmental factors, and health status. Conventional means for measuring the properties of sweat yield accurate results but their requirements for sampling and analytics do not allow for use in the field. Emerging wearable devices offer significant advantages over existing approaches, but each has significant drawbacks associated with bulk and weight, inability to quantify volumetric sweat rate and loss, robustness, and/or inadequate accuracy in biochemical analysis.

Wireless bioresorbable electronic system enables sustained nonpharmacological neuroregenerative therapy.

Peripheral nerve injuries represent a significant problem in public health, constituting 2-5% of all trauma cases. For severe nerve injuries, even advanced forms of clinical intervention often lead to incomplete and unsatisfactory motor and/or sensory function. Numerous studies report the potential of pharmacological approaches (for example, growth factors, immunosuppressants) to accelerate and enhance nerve regeneration in rodent models.

Flexible Transient Optical Waveguides and Surface-Wave Biosensors Constructed from Monocrystalline Silicon.

Optical technologies offer important capabilities in both biological research and clinical care. Recent interest is in implantable devices that provide intimate optical coupling to biological tissues for a finite time period and then undergo full bioresorption into benign products, thereby serving as temporary implants for diagnosis and/or therapy. The results presented here establish a silicon-based, bioresorbable photonic platform that relies on thin filaments of monocrystalline silicon encapsulated by polymers as flexible, transient optical waveguides for accurate light delivery and sensing at targeted sites in biological systems.

CVD-grown monolayer MoS in bioabsorbable electronics and biosensors.

Transient electronics represents an emerging technology whose defining feature is an ability to dissolve, disintegrate or otherwise physically disappear in a controlled manner. Envisioned applications include resorbable/degradable biomedical implants, hardware-secure memory devices, and zero-impact environmental sensors. 2D materials may have essential roles in these systems due to their unique mechanical, thermal, electrical, and optical properties.

Two Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieves Built from Pairs of Enantiomeric Structural Building Units.

Herein we report the synthesis and structures of two new small-pore aluminophosphate molecular sieves PST-13 and PST-14 with mutually connected 8-ring channels. The structure of PST-13, synthesized using diethylamine as an organic structure-directing agent, contains penta-coordinated framework Al atoms bridged by hydroxy groups and thus edge-sharing 3- and 5-rings. Upon calcination, PST-13 undergoes a transformation to PST-14 with loss of bridging hydroxy groups and occluded organic species.

A Zeolite Family Nonjointly Built from the 1,3-Stellated Cubic Building Unit.

From a technological point of view, the synthesis of new high-silica zeolites is of prime importance owing to their high potential as industrial catalysts and catalyst supports. Two such materials have been synthesized which are made up of the 1,3-stellated cubic unit (hexahedral ([4 5 ]) bre unit) as a secondary building unit, with the aid of existing imidazolium-based structure-directing agents under "excess fluoride" conditions. One of them, denoted PST-21, is the first aluminosilicate zeolite consisting of 9-ring apertures solely; it displays exceptional activity towards steering the skeletal isomerization of 1-butene to isobutene and bridges the gap between small- and medium-pore structures.