The origin of patient-derived cancer organoids from pathologically undiagnosed specimen in patients with pancreatobiliary cancers.

Purpose: Tissue confirmation of pancreatobiliary cancer is often difficult because of the location of the tumor and structure of the surrounding blood vessels. Patient-derived cancer organoids (PDCOs) reflect the genomic characteristics of individual cancers. Although diverse attempts to construct PDCOs for various pancreatobiliary cancer models are ongoing, no research results have yet confirmed the possibility of performing a precise diagnosis on PDCOs derived from pathologically negative patient samples.

A portable, rapid isothermal amplification kit enabling naked eye detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNAs.

Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, isothermal amplification techniques have attracted attention due to their higher sensitivity and specificity, compared with immunoassays, and their potential application for point-of-care testing (POCT). A requirement of isothermal amplification-based POCT kits is the inclusion of a heating source with an electrical power supply. We developed an amplification-based rapid kit, which is a portable and naked eye-detectable reverse transcriptase (RT)-recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) kit.

Astrocytic modulation of population encoding in mouse visual cortex via GABA transporter 3 revealed by multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing.

Astrocytes, which are increasingly recognized as pivotal constituents of brain circuits governing a wide range of functions, express GABA transporter 3 (Gat3), an astrocyte-specific GABA transporter responsible for maintenance of extra-synaptic GABA levels. Here, we examined the functional role of Gat3 in astrocyte-mediated modulation of neuronal activity and information encoding. First, we developed a multiplexed CRISPR construct applicable for effective genetic ablation of Gat3 in the visual cortex of adult mice.

pH and Redox Dual-Responsive Nanoparticle with Enhanced Dendritic Cell Maturation for Cancer Therapy.

Type I interferons (IFNs) are essential for activating dendritic cells (DCs) and presenting tumor-associated antigens to T cells. IFNs are primarily produced from DCs among immune cells. A combination of chemotherapy and metalloimmunotherapy induces IFN production by activating the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway.

Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy by Local Delivery of an mRNA Encoding Membrane-Anchored Anti-CD3 Single-Chain Variable Fragment.

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy has shown promising responses in clinical trials for highly aggressive cancers such as advanced melanoma and metastatic colorectal cancer. However, TIL therapy is still limited in clinical practice due to the complex cell preparation process. Here, we report an " TIL therapy" for the treatment of solid tumors.

Cortical norepinephrine-astrocyte signaling critically mediates learned behavior.

Updating behavior based on feedback from the environment is a crucial means by which organisms learn and develop optimal behavioral strategies. Norepinephrine (NE) release from the locus coeruleus (LC) has been shown to mediate learned behaviors such that in a task with graded stimulus uncertainty and performance, a high level of NE released after an unexpected outcome causes improvement in subsequent behavior. Yet, how the transient activity of LC-NE neurons, lasting tens of milliseconds, influences behavior several seconds later, is unclear.

Neuroprotective Properties of Rutin Hydrate against Scopolamine-Induced Deficits in BDNF/TrkB/ERK/CREB/Bcl2 Pathways.

: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related degenerative brain disorder characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function and memory. This study aimed to evaluate whether rutin hydrate (RH) has neuroprotective effects in an AD-like learning and memory impairment rat model induced by scopolamine (SCO). The rats were administered with RH (100 mg/kg) and SCO (1.

A Comparison of Conventional Rotating Method and Non-Rotating Method for Double-Lumen Tube Insertion Using a Customized Rigid J-Shaped Stylet for One-Lung Ventilation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

: The conventional double-lumen tube (DLT) insertion method requires a rotatory maneuver that was developed using direct laryngoscopy and may not be optimal for video laryngoscopy. This study compared a new non-rotatory maneuver with the conventional method for DLT insertion using video laryngoscopy. : Patients scheduled for thoracic surgery requiring one-lung ventilation were randomly assigned to either the rotating (R) or non-rotating (NR) method groups.

Reversion of pathogenic L1780P mutation confers resistance to PARP and ATM inhibitor in breast cancer.

This study investigates the molecular characteristics and therapeutic implications of the BRCA1 L1780P mutation, a rare variant prevalent among Korean hereditary breast cancer patients. Using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and cell lines (PDX-derived cell line) from carriers, sequencing analyses revealed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the BRCA1 locus, with one patient losing the wild-type allele and the other mutated allele. This reversion mutation may cf.

Discovery of novel disease-causing mutation in and its correction using adenine base editor to improve mitochondrial function.

Mutations in nuclear genes regulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication are associated with mtDNA depletion syndromes. Using whole-genome sequencing, we identified a heterozygous mutation (c.272G>A:p.

Child maltreatment and peer relationship quality: Types and timing of maltreatment and gender differences.

Introduction: Research demonstrates that child maltreatment can negatively impact adolescent peer relationships. It is not well understood, however, how the type of maltreatment and its timing (when it occurs) affects the dimensions of peer relationship quality (i.e.

Polymerization of ZBTB transcription factors regulates chromatin occupancy.

BCL6, an oncogenic transcription factor (TF), forms polymers in the presence of a small-molecule molecular glue that stabilizes a complementary interface between homodimers of BCL6's broad-complex, tramtrack, and bric-à-brac (BTB) domain. The BTB domains of other proteins, including a large class of TFs, have similar architectures and symmetries, raising the possibility that additional BTB proteins self-assemble into higher-order structures. Here, we surveyed 189 human BTB proteins with a cellular fluorescent reporter assay and identified 18 ZBTB TFs that show evidence of polymerization.

SMARCD3 Overexpression Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Gastric Cancer.

This study investigates the role of SMARCD3 in gastric cancer by comparing its expression in signet ring cell (SRC) and well-differentiated (WD) groups within gastric cancer cell lines and tissues. We observed elevated SMARCD3 levels in the SRC group compared to the WD group. Functional analysis was conducted through both SMARCD3 knock-in and knock-out methods.

Detection of Cervical Foraminal Stenosis from Oblique Radiograph Using Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm.

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm that can diagnose cervical foraminal stenosis using oblique radiographs and evaluate its accuracy.

Materials And Methods: A total of 997 patients who underwent cervical MRI and cervical oblique radiographs within a 3-month interval were included. Oblique radiographs were labeled as "foraminal stenosis" or "no foraminal stenosis" according to whether foraminal stenosis was present in the C2-T1 levels based on MRI evaluation as ground truth.

ETV5 promotes lupus pathogenesis and follicular helper T cell differentiation by inducing osteopontin expression.

Follicular helper T (T) cells mediate germinal center reactions to generate high affinity antibodies against specific pathogens, and their excessive production is associated with the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). ETV5, a member of the ETS transcription factor family, promotes T cell differentiation in mice. In this study, we examined the role of ETV5 in the pathogenesis of lupus in mice and humans.

Tailoring photobiomodulation to enhance tissue regeneration.

Photobiomodulation (PBM), the use of biocompatible tissue-penetrating light to interact with intracellular chromophores to modulate the fates of cells and tissues, has emerged as a promising non-invasive approach to enhancing tissue regeneration. Unlike photodynamic or photothermal therapies that require the use of photothermal agents or photosensitizers, PBM treatment does not need external agents. With its non-harmful nature, PBM has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing molecular secretions and cellular functions relevant to tissue regeneration.

Negative Screening AI in Ankle Stress Radiography to Reduce Workload.

Rationale And Objectives: Interpreting ankle stress radiographs is subjective and time-consuming. We aimed to train an AI model that efficiently screens negative cases, assess the agreement with expert with and without AI-assistance, and compare the workload reduction.

Material And Methods: We collected anterior draw test (ADT) and talar tilt test (TTT) ankle stress radiographs from Seoul St.