Application of metal artifact reduction algorithm in reducing metal artifacts in post-surgery pediatric low radiation dose spine computed tomography (CT) images.

Background: The commonly used methods for removing metal-induced beam hardening artifacts often rely on the use of high energy photons with either high tube voltage or high energy virtual monoenergetic images in dual-energy computed tomography (CT), the radiation dose was usually relatively high in order to generate adequate signals. This retrospective study is designed to evaluate the application of a metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm in reducing pedicle screw metal-caused beam hardening artifacts in post-surgery pediatric low radiation dose spine CT images.

Methods: Seventy-seven children (3-15 years) who had undergone a low dose CT with 140 or 100 kV were enrolled.

Risk of acute kidney injury following contrast-enhanced CT or MRI in a cohort of 3061 hospitalized children in China.

Objectives: To compare the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) between hospitalized children who received intravenous contrast media for imaging examinations and those who did not.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients aged 0-18 years with serum creatinine levels before and after imaging examinations from 2015 to 2020 at Beijing Children's Hospital. Participants were classified into an exposure group or a control group.

Optimizing image quality and minimizing radiation dose in pediatric abdominal multiphase contrast-enhanced computed tomography: a study on CARE kV and CARE Dose 4D.

Background: Multiphase contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is a commonly used modality in pediatric computed tomography (CT) scans. However, the purposes and focus of each phase, such as CT angiography (CTA), and parenchymal phase, are different. In routine practice, the same scanning parameters are used for all phases, resulting in unnecessary radiation exposure for children.

Performance evaluation of deep learning image reconstruction algorithm for dual-energy spectral CT imaging: A phantom study.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithm in dual-energy spectral CT (DEsCT) as a function of radiation dose and image energy level, in comparison with filtered-back-projection (FBP) and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V (ASIR-V) algorithms.

Methods: An ACR464 phantom was scanned with DEsCT at four dose levels (3.5 mGy, 5 mGy, 7.

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction with polyps in children: clinical manifestations and supranormal preoperative differential renal function.

Objective: To describe and analyze the clinical manifestation and pre-DRF of UPJO children with polyps and explore the possible influencing factors of supranormal pre-DRF.

Patients And Methods: All patients undergoing primary Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty for UPJO due to polyp were retrospectively reviewed. Patients' characteristics, parameters of ultrasound and dynamic renograms (DR) were recorded in elaborate.

Contribution of tumor characteristics and surgery-related factors to symptomatic hydrocephalus after posterior fossa tumor resection: a single-institution experience.

Objective: Pediatric patients are at risk of persistent hydrocephalus after posterior fossa tumor resection. The relationship between surgery-related factors and postoperative symptomatic hydrocephalus has not been elucidated. The objective of this study was to analyze features influencing postoperative hydrocephalus in Chinese children.

[Clinical analysis of 59 cases of pediatric nasal dermal sinus cysts with midfacial infection as the first symptom].

To review the clinical and radiological presentation and management of infected nasal dermal sinus cysts（NDSC） in children. Clinical data were collected from 59 NDSC children with secondary fronto-orbital area infection who presented to Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2007 to December 2021. All patients underwent preoperative imaging workup, including MRI and CT.

Clinical and surgical outcome differences on the basis of pathology category in cervical neuroblastic tumors.

Background: Cervical neuroblastic tumors (NTs) are rare but less aggressive cancer with an above-average survival rate. Little has been published regarding the management and surgical outcomes of patients with cervical NTs based on pathology category. This study compared and identified the preoperative characteristics of cervical NTs in different pathology categories and evaluated the outcomes of patients undergoing surgical resection.

Surgical treatment of benign splenic lesions in pediatric patients: a case series of 30 cases from a single center.

Background: Benign splenic lesions are rarely encountered. This study aimed to review the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes in a case series of 30 pediatric patients.

Methods: From January 1st, 2001 to December 31st, 2021, 30 pediatric patients from a single center were consecutively included.

Dual-energy spectral CT imaging of pulmonary embolism with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children.

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in children has already attracted more attention. CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) has been the preferred method for diagnosing PE, but it has some limitations, especially for children. Dual-energy spectral CT has been used in diagnosing PE in adults.

Application of deep learning image reconstruction algorithm to improve image quality in CT angiography of children with Takayasu arteritis.

Background: The inflammatory indexes of children with Takayasu arteritis (TAK) usually tend to be normal immediately after treatment, therefore, CT angiography (CTA) has become an important method to evaluate the status of TAK and sometime is even more sensitive than laboratory test results.

Objective: To evaluate image quality improvement in CTA of children diagnosed with TAK using a deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) in comparison to other image reconstruction algorithms.

Methods: hirty-two TAK patients (9.

Performance evaluation of using shorter contrast injection and 70 kVp with deep learning image reconstruction for reduced contrast medium dose and radiation dose in coronary CT angiography for children: a pilot study.

Background: Iterative reconstruction algorithms are often used to reduce image noise in low-dose coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) but encounter limitations. The newly introduced deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithm may provide new opportunities. We assessed the image quality and diagnostic performance of DLIR in low radiation dose and contrast medium dose CCTA of pediatric patients with 70 kVp and a shortened injection protocol.

Improving the image quality of pediatric chest CT angiography with low radiation dose and contrast volume using deep learning image reconstruction.

Background: Chest CT angiography (CTA) is a common clinical examination technique for children. Iterative reconstruction algorithms are often used to reduce image noise but encounter limitations under low dose conditions. Deep learning-based image reconstruction algorithms have been developed to overcome these limitations.

Application of a deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithm in head CT imaging for children to improve image quality and lesion detection.

Background: To evaluate the performance of a Deep Learning Image Reconstruction (DLIR) algorithm in pediatric head CT for improving image quality and lesion detection with 0.625 mm thin-slice images.

Methods: Low-dose axial head CT scans of 50 children with 120 kV, 0.

Application of 70 kVp in abdominal CT angiography to reduce both radiation and contrast dosage and improve patient comfort for children.

Background: Low-tube voltage scanning improves CT attenuation value of contrast medium (CM). Thus, we hypothesized that 70 kVp in pediatric abdominal CT angiography (CTA) could be used to reduce both radiation and CM dose and improve patient comfort at the same time.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of using 70 kVp in pediatric abdominal CTA to reduce radiation dose and CM dose and improve patient care for children.

Performance evaluation of a deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithm in "double low" chest CTA in children: a feasibility study.

Background: Chest CT angiography (CTA) is a convenient clinical examination for children with an increasing need to reduce both radiation and contrast medium doses. Iterative Reconstruction algorithms are often used to reduce image noise but encounter limitations under low radiation dose and conventional 100 kVp tube voltage may not provide adequate enhancement under low contrast dose.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of a deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithm in conjunction with lower tube voltage in chest CTA in children under reduced radiation and contrast medium (CM) dose.

Developmental performance between pediatric cochlear implantation candidates with and without large vestibular aqueduct syndrome.

Background: We are inclined to pay special care and attention to children with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS). However, it is not clear whether children with LVAS have more developmental delays than children without LVAS.

Objectives: To compare the developmental performance between pediatric cochlear implantation (CI) candidates with and without LVAS.

Barium enema findings in total colonic aganglionosis: a single-center, retrospective study.

Background: Preoperative diagnosis of total colonic aganglionosis is important for the rational choice of treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of radiographic signs on preoperative barium enema in patients with total colonic aganglionosis.

Methods: Forty-four patients [41 (3-659) days] with total colonic aganglionosis, including 17 neonatal patients, who received preoperative barium enema at Beijing Children's Hospital, from January 2007 to December 2019 were included.

Further Improving Image Quality of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography Angiography for Children With High Heart Rates Using Second-Generation Motion Correction Algorithm.

Background: The state-of-art motion correction algorithm is inadequate for correcting motion artifacts in coronary arteries in cardiovascular computed tomography angiography (CCTA) for children with high heart rates, and even less effective for heart structures beyond coronary arteries.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a second-generation, whole-heart motion correction algorithm in improving the heart image quality of CCTA for children with high heart rates.

Materials And Methods: Forty-two consecutive symptomatic cardiac patients with high heart rates (122.

Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted (APTw) Imaging of Intracranial Infection in Children: Initial Experience and Comparison with Gadolinium-Enhanced T1-Weighted Imaging.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging against the reference standard of gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (Gd-T1w) in children with intracranial infection.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-eight pediatric patients (15 males and 13 females; age range 1-163 months) with intracranial infection were recruited in this study. 2D APTw imaging and conventional MR sequences were conducted using a 3 T MRI scanner.

Performance evaluation of two iterative reconstruction algorithms, MBIR and ASIR, in low radiation dose and low contrast dose abdominal CT in children.

Background: The adverse effect of low-dose CT on image quality may be mitigated using iterative reconstructions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the full model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) and adaptive statistical reconstruction (ASIR) algorithms in low radiation dose and low contrast dose abdominal contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) in children.

Methods: A total of 59 children (32 males and 27 females) undergoing low radiation dose (100kVp) and low contrast dose (270 mgI/ml) abdominal CECT were enrolled.

Feasibility study of using one-tenth mSv radiation dose in young children chest CT with 80 kVp and model-based iterative reconstruction.

CT has become a routine imaging modality based on its excellent ability of displaying lung structures and diseases. But, how to reduce radiation dose of routine CT examination is a concern for radiologists. Our study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using 80kVp and a model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) algorithm to achieve one-tenth mSv dose chest CT in infants and young children.

Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography to measure preoperative parameters of children with pectus excavatum.

Importance: Pectus excavatum (PE) is the most common thoracic wall deformity in children, we need a method which could be used to evaluate pulmonary functions and effects on development.

Objective: To evaluate the use of 3D T1-weighted (3DT1) and mDIXON magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences for measuring the thoracic parameters and morphology of children with PE, comparing the measurements with those made on computed tomography (CT).

Methods: This is a retrospective study of children with thoracic deformities who were hospitalized at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the Heart Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, between June 2014 and June 2015.