Adaptive optics compensation of orbital angular momentum beams using a hybrid input-output algorithm with complementary binary masks.

For orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams, we show that the twin-image problem in the single-intensity-measurement hybrid input-output algorithm (HIOA) severely impairs the phase retrieval performance and propose a very simple method to overcome this problem. First, we introduce the principle of the single-intensity-measurement HIOA together with the underlying reason for the twin-image problem and propose a new scheme of the HIOA using a pair of complementary binary masks (CBMs) to overcome the twin-image problem. To verify the usefulness of the proposed CBM-HIOA in the OAM free-space optical system, a wave-optics simulation is used to produce relatively realistic atmospheric turbulence, and the turbulence-induced distorted phase of the probe Gaussian beam is retrieved to compensate for the phase distortion of OAM beams.

Transcriptome profiling reveals the roles of pigment formation mechanisms in yellow Paeonia delavayi flowers.

The yellow colour of ornamental varieties of tree peony originated from Paeonia delavayi. However, but P. delavayi and Paeonia suffruticosa belong to different subgroups, so hybridization is difficult and results in a long breeding cycle.