Ambroxol Improves Amyloidogenic, NF-κB, and Nrf2 Pathways in a Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Ambroxol (ABX) is used to manage excessive production of mucus in the respiratory system. The present study sought to assess the neuroprotective potential of ambroxol by influencing the amyloidogenic, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by scopolamine. The AD pathology was induced by chronic administration of scopolamine.

Alpha-cyperone mitigates renal ischemic injury via modulation of HDAC-2 expression in diabetes: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations and experimental evaluation.

Chronic diabetes mellitus is reported to be associated with acute kidney injury. The enzyme histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC-2) was found to be upregulated in diabetes-related kidney damage. Alpha-cyperone (α-CYP) is one of the active ingredients of Cyperus rotundus that possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Comparative evaluation of two different dental age estimation methods using tooth pulp: A CBCT study.

Aim: To estimate the age of an individual based on 3D radiographic evaluation of pulp width of maxillary central incisor.

Materials And Methods: This study included 185 CBCT images of individuals within age range of 14-64 years. Images were evaluated for maxillary central incisors and pulp width measurements were taken from cementoenamel junction and middle third of root.

Celastrus paniculatus oil ameliorates NF-KB mediated neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity in the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment rat model.

Background And Aim: Traditionally, Celastrus paniculatus Willd. (CP) oil has been utilized as a tranquilizer and memory enhancer. The present study investigated the neuropharmacological activity and efficacy of CP oil in ameliorating scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in rats.

Kimura's Disease: A Confounding Condition.

Kimura disease (KD) is a chronic inflammatory lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown etiology and unsure pathogenesis. It primarily involves the head and neck region, presenting as an asymptomatic unilateral soft-tissue mass in the head and neck, frequently involving subcutaneous tissues, major salivary gland, lymph nodes. Peripheral blood eosinophilia, elevated serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, and the microscopically lymphoid proliferation with eosinophilic infiltration are the characteristic features.

Prevalence and factors associated with oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma: An institutional study.

Introduction: Incidence & prevalence of OPMDs & OSCC is increasing day by day, thereby escalating the burden of oral cancer in India. Oral cancer ranks in the top three of all cancers in India and is quickly becoming a health priority. This study aims to assess prevalence and associated factors of OPMDs and OSCC in patients attending dental OPD and its association with age, gender, habit (type & duration), clinical presentation and site of involvement.

Antitumor effects of polyphenol-rich extract of seed by vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta signaling inhibition in experimentally induced oral cancer in rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Oral cancers are found to have high risk in South Central Asia due to exposure of various risk factors. Euphoria longana Lam. (EL) has been traditionally used to relieve insomnia, prevent amnesia, and treat palpitation.

Lipoid proteinosis: Review of Indian cases.

Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the deposition of amorphous hyaline material in the dermis and submucosal connective tissue. To date <500 cases of LP have been described and oral manifestations described in a very few reports. Indian cases are much less reported and reviewed.

Bone invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Comparative analytic study in orthopantomogram and technetium 99 m bone scan.

Aims And Objective: To compare the bone invasion in orthopantomogram (OPG) and technetium 99 m bone scan in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Materials And Methods: Clinically and histopathologically proven 30 cases of OSCC were randomly selected. OPG and Tech 99m bone scan was carried out in all selected patients.

Alzheimer's disease: a scoping review of biomarker research and development for effective disease diagnosis.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is regarded as the foremost reason for neurodegeneration that prominently affects the geriatric population. Characterized by extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ), intracellular aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau), and neuronal degeneration that causes impairment of memory and cognition. Amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (ATN) classification is utilized for research purposes and involves amyloid, tau, and neuronal injury staging through MRI, PET scanning, and CSF protein concentration estimations.

The Sclerotherapy-An Efficacious Approach in the Management of Vascular Lesions and Pyogenic Granuloma: Case Series with Literature Review.

Sclerotherapy is a targeted elimination of small vessels, varicose veins, and vascular anomalies by the injection of a sclerosant. Sclerotherapy aims to damage the vessel wall and transform it into fibrous tissue. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a sclerosing agent 3% polidocanol in the treatment of vascular lesions and pyogenic granuloma.

Age determination in children by orthopantomograph and lateral cephalogram: A comparative digital study.

Background And Aims: The assessment of age is useful in forensic medicine and forensic odontology and in treatment planning in various branch of dentistry. The aim of study is comparative evaluation and assessment of applicability of Demirjian's method, Willem's method of dental age (DA) estimation, and Maria de Paula Caldas's method of skeletal age estimation for children aged 9-16 years.

Materials And Methods: A total of 140 individuals (70 females and 70 males) between the age group of 9-16 years were enrolled.

Comparison of panoramic radiograph and cone beam computed tomography findings for impacted mandibular third molar root and inferior alveolar nerve canal relation.

Objectives: This study was aimed at determining the specific signs of close relationship between impacted mandibular third molar (IMTM) root and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) canal as visualised on digital panoramic radiograph or orthopantomograph (OPG) which should indicate as well as contraindicate the need for cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging based on hierarchical model of Fryback and Thornbury.

Materials And Methods: The sample consisted of 120 individuals (200 IMTM) who had undergone OPG as well as CBCT imaging as preoperative radiographic evaluation before surgical extraction. On panoramic radiographs; Rood and Sheehab's radiographic signs of IMTM root and IAN canal, impacted third molar position based on Winter's classification and depth of impaction based on Pell and Gregory's classification were evaluated.

Age estimation by assessment of dentin translucency in permanent teeth.

Aim: : To estimate the age by evaluating the length of dentin translucency in ground sections of extracted teeth using digital scanner and tools of GIMP 2.8 software for dental age estimation.

Materials And Methods: Fifty extracted single-rooted permanent teeth from 50 different individuals and their 0.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor: A rare malignancy.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is also termed as spindle cell malignancy of the peripheral nerve Schwann cell. It is a rare and highly aggressive, soft-tissue sarcoma of ectomesenchymal origin that accounts for 10% of all sarcomas and only 10%-12% of all lesions occur in the head-and-neck region, thus making it a rare entity. It arises or from the preexisting benign neurofibroma.

Aggressive angiomyxoma of maxilla: A confounding clinical condition with rare occurrence!

The angiomyxomas are rarely reported in the head and neck region; this paper entails a case of aggressive angiomyxoma presenting as a growth in the maxillary anterior alveolar mucosa and lip region for 1 year, which was accurately identified and treated successfully by surgical excision. An attempt has been made to highlight the clinical and pathologic stand out features of this tumor with intricate emphasis, alongside a literary review.

Post Herpetic Frey's Syndrome.

Frey's syndrome is characterized by unilateral sweating and flushing of the skin in the area of the parotid gland, occurring during meal, or on salivary stimulation. It is a common complication following surgery/injury in the parotid gland region/temporomandibular joint surgery; however, very few cases have been reported of its occurrence following herpetic infection. It is important for the clinician to recognize its unusual symptoms as early as possible to prevent its potential negative social and psychological effect on the patient.

An ayurvedic proprietary herbal preparation, Calci-7, prevents ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats.

Introduction: CALCI-7 (CA) is an ayurvedic proprietary medicine, used to treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. However, scientific proof for its anti-osteoporotic effect and mechanism of action remain unclear due to which present study was under taken.

Materials And Methods: Ovariectomy was performed to induce osteoporosis.

Gingival mass in acquired immune deficiency syndrome patient: An unusual manifestation.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is designated as an acquired immune deficiency syndrome defining condition. Although uncommon, it is essential to be wary of this neoplasm since intraoral manifestations may be the first clinical manifestation of HIV disease. The gingiva is one of the rarest intraoral sites with a prevalence of 0.

Anti-Viral Agents in Neurodegenerative Disorders: New Paradigm for Targeting Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting geriatric populations for which several causes have been proposed. These include a relationship with known pathogens although the exact nature of such a relationship remains uncertain. Herpes simplex virus-1 has been proposed as potential cause of AD because of its ability to form ß amyloid(Aß) and neurofibrillary tangles due to tau hyperphosphorylation and action of beta & gamma secretase on amyloid precursor protein(APP) together with genetic association with apolipoprotein-E4(ApoE-Ɛ4), which points out to latent Herpes Simplex virus-1 as an agent causing AD.

Sweet's syndrome.

Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis or Sweet's syndrome (SS) is characterized by painful, erythematous plaques of rapid onset accompanied by fever. The etiology of SS is unknown and it may be associated with antecedent infections, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, drugs and vaccines, upper respiratory or gastrointestinal infection, pregnancy, inflammatory bowel disease as well as chemotherapy or idiopathic. The standard therapy for SS is systemic corticosteroids.

Anti-ulcer activity of Lucer against experimentally induced gastric ulcers in rats.

The present study is designed to explore the mechanism of action of herbal formulation Lucer against experimentally induced gastric ulcers. The aqueous extract (120 and 180 mg/kg) of Lucer was tested against aspirin and ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. The drug has been found to be very effective in inhibiting gastric ulceration.

Necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants: a systemic review.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common serious gastrointestinal disorder affecting very preterm or very low birth weight infants. The risk is inversely proportional to gestational age and weight at birth. Fetal growth restriction and compromise may be additional specific risk factors.