Urban green space area mitigates the accumulation of heavy metals in urban soils.

Despite that the heavy metals in urban soils pose a threat to public health, the critical factors that influence their concentrations in urban soils are not well understood. In this study, we conducted a survey of surface soil samples from urban green spaces in Shanghai, to analyze the concentrations of the key heavy metals. The results showed that Zn was the most abundant metal with an average concentration of 122.

sp. nov., an oligotrophic bacterium isolated from a tomato plant in China.

A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming strain, DXFW5, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of tomato. Strain DXFW5 grew at 20-50 °C (optimum, 25-37 °C), pH 5-8 (optimum, pH 7) and in the presence of 3 % NaCl. It was positive for catalase and oxidase.

Metabacillus rhizolycopersici sp. nov., Isolated from the Rhizosphere Soil of Tomato Plants.

A Gram-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and aerobic bacterium, with swarming and swimming motility, designated strain DBTR6, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of tomato plants. Strain DBTR6 grew at 20-45 ℃ (optimum 30-37℃), pH 4-9 (optimum 7-8) and at salinities from 0 to 5% (optimum 1%). Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences showed this strain belonged to the genus Metabacillus and was most closely related to Metabacillus litoralis DSM 16303 (98.

sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere soil of .

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped aerobic bacterium designated as strain 2R12 was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of . Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed that strain 2R12 should be assigned to the genus with the highest sequence similarity to DSM 3695 (99.1 %) and DSM 18108 (98.

[Problems and countermeasures of soil health quality in urban green space].

Soil quality of urban green space (UGS) is the basis for ensuring healthy growth of plants and maintaining the healthy ecosystem services for the residents and the sustainable development of city. At present, in order to improve the soil quality of UGS, more attention has been paid to fertility quality and environmental quality, but less to the health quality. We analyzed the concept, connotation, and assessment indicator of soil health quality, summarized the main problems and challenges of soil health quality of UGS.

Optimal spatial sampling design for monitoring potentially toxic elements pollution on urban green space soil: A spatial simulated annealing and k-means integrated approach.

Sampling design in soil science is critical because the lack of reliable methods and collecting samples requires tremendous work and resources. The aims were to obtain an optimal sampling design for assessing potentially toxic elements pollution using pilot Pb soil samples from the urban green space area of Shanghai, China. Two general steps have been used.

Mixed plantations of and change soil fungal and archaeal communities and enhance soil phosphorus availability in Shanghai, China.

Soil degradation has been found in urban forests in Shanghai, especially in the pure plantations. Mixed plantations are considered to improve soil quality because they can stimulate organic matter cycling and increase soil carbon and nutrient content. Although soil microbes play crucial roles in regulating soil biogeochemical processes, little is known about how mixed plantations affect soil microbial communities, including bacteria, archaea, and fungi.

Diversity patterns and drivers of soil microbial communities in urban and suburban park soils of Shanghai, China.

Background: The rapid expansion of urbanization leads to significant losses of soil ecological functions. Microbes directly participate in key soil processes and play crucial roles in maintaining soil functions. However, we still have a limited understanding of underlying mechanisms shaping microbial communities and the interactions among microbial taxa in park soils.

The Optimization Strategy of the Existing Urban Green Space Soil Monitoring System in Shanghai, China.

High concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTE) create global environmental stress due to the crucial threat of their impacts on the environment and human health. Therefore, determining the concentration levels of PTE and improving their prediction accuracy by sampling optimization strategy is necessary for making sustainable environmental decisions. The concentrations of five PTEs (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn) were compared with reference values for Shanghai and China.

Rhizobium rhizolycopersici sp. nov., Isolated from the Rhizosphere Soil of Tomato Plants in China.

During characterization of rhizobacteria, strain DBTS2 was isolated from the rhizosphere soil samples of healthy tomato plants and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences showed this strain belonged to the genus Rhizobium and was most closely related to Rhizobium subbaraonis JC85 (99.1%) and Rhizobium daejeonense CCBAU 10050 (97%).

sp. nov., isolated from rice seeds.

A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain TD8, was isolated from surface-sterilized rice seeds ( L.). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain TD8 should be placed within the genus (95.

sp. nov., isolated from the roots of rice.

A novel Gram-stain-negative strain, designated ZYY5, was isolated from rice roots. Results of 16S rRNA gene analysis indicated that strain ZYY5 was a member of the genus , with a highest similarity to DSM 18068 (98.5%).

Strain Conditions Monitoring on Corroded Prestressed Steel Strands in Beams Based on Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors.

Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors, with excellent properties, have been widely adopted to monitor the mechanical parameters in civil engineering in recent years. On the other hand, the current study on fatigue performance of corroded prestressed steel strands is still limited, and this is mainly because the long-term strain conditions monitoring is difficult to conduct. Based on the aforementioned considerations, a total of six beam specimens were fabricated in this study.

[Effects of changes in water status on soil microbes and their response mechanism: A review].

Soil microbes play essential roles in maintaining terrestrial ecosystem services. Soil moisture is a primary determinant of soil microbial activities and ecosystem functions, which may fluctuate dramatically with the altered precipitation patterns and extreme drought caused by the ongoing global climate change. Due to the distinct soil microbial tolerance and life-strategy approaches to drought stress and different water status, fluctuation of soil moisture has a direct impact on microbial activities and community structure, thereby profoundly affecting microbial-mediated processes and ecosystem functions.

Chemical Composition Analysis, Sensory, and Feasibility Study of Tree Peony Seed.

Eight wild species in Sect. Moutan DC (tree peony) of the genus Paeonia grown in natural habitats and 1 cultivated specie were investigated to analyze their fatty acid and bioactive phenolic compound profiles. For fatty acid composition, P.

Selection of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR during Flower Development in Tree Peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.).

Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) is a perennial plant indigenous to China known for its elegant and vibrantly colorful flowers. A few genes involved in petal pigmentation have been cloned in tree peony. However, to date, there have been few studies on the comparison and selection of stable reference genes for gene expression analysis by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) in this species.

Transgenic expression of lactoferrin imparts enhanced resistance to head blight of wheat caused by Fusarium graminearum.

Background: The development of plant gene transfer systems has allowed for the introgression of alien genes into plant genomes for novel disease control strategies, thus providing a mechanism for broadening the genetic resources available to plant breeders. Using the tools of plant genetic engineering, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial gene was tested for resistance against head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.

Culturable bacterial community analysis in the root domains of two varieties of tree peony (Paeonia ostii).

A total of 985 bacterial strains with different colony characteristics were isolated from the root of tree peony plants (variety 'Fengdan' and 'Lan Furong'); 69 operational taxonomic units were identified by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis. Representatives of each group were selected for partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The major groups in the bulk soil, rhizosphere, and rhizoplane of Fengdan were Firmicutes (63.

Diversity of culturable bacteria isolated from root domains of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis).

The distribution of culturable bacteria in the rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and interior root tissues of moso bamboo plants was investigated in this study. Of the 182 isolates showing different colony characteristics on Luria-Bertani and King B plates, 56 operational taxonomic units of 22 genera were identified by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence analysis. The majority of root endophytic bacteria were Proteobacteria (67.

The intergenic region of Arabidopsis thaliana cab1 and cab2 divergent genes functions as a bidirectional promoter.

Genetic engineering plays a unique role in fundamental plant biology studies and in improving crop traits. These efforts often necessitate introduction and expression of multiple genes using promoters from a very limited repertoire. Current common practice of expressing multiple genes is the repeated use of the same or similar promoters.

[Cultivable microbial diversity at the rhizosphere of Phyllostachys pubescens].

Objective: To obtain the information of the cultivable microbial population diversity at the rhizosphere of Phyllostachys pubescens.

Methods: We isolated strains from Tianmu Mountain and Jinyun Mountain by diluting plate counting method and analyzed the 16S rDNA sequence of the isolates.

Results: We obtained 51 and 31 strains with different morphological character of colonies from Tianmu Mountain and Jinyun Mountain separately.

Plant-microbe association for rhizoremediation of chloronitroaromatic pollutants with Comamonas sp. strain CNB-1.

Comamonas sp. strain CNB-1, isolated from activated sludge and having a strong ability to degrade 4-chloronitrobenzene (4CNB), was applied for rhizoremediation of 4CNB-polluted soil through association with alfalfa. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that strain CNB-1 successfully colonized alfalfa roots.

Characterization of a novel plant growth-promoting bacteria strain Delftia tsuruhatensis HR4 both as a diazotroph and a potential biocontrol agent against various plant pathogens.

A novel, plant growth-promoting bacterium Delftia tsuruhatensis, strain HR4, was isolated from the rhizoplane of rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. Yueguang) in North China.

[Purification and cloning of an antifungal protein from the rice diseases controlling bacterial strain Paenibacillus polymyxa WY110].

Paenibacillus polymyxa WY110, a plant growth-promoting bacteria strain isolated from rice rhizosphere could suppress the growth of various plant pathogens effectively. With (NH4)2SO4 fractional precipitation, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 chromatography and Sephacryl S-200 chromatography followed by tracks of fraction antagonistic assay and SDS-PAGE, an antifungal protein P2 with in vitro anti-Pyricularia oxyzae activity was isolated and purified. It was showed with antagonistic activity on PDA plates that the growth of Pyricularia oryzae was inhibited by 1.

[The cell wall-degrading activities of lysin encoded by chlorella virus PBCV-1].

Lysin was isolated from Chlorella NC64A lysate which was infected by Chlorella virus PBCV-1. The enzyme property detection of lysin shows that it contains at least three enzyme activities: chitinase, chitosanase and beta-1, 3-Glucanase. This is consistent with the compose of Chlolrella cell wall.