A multi-omics database of buffaloes from Yangtze valley reveals diversity of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

Asian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is the fundamental livestock resource for local rural populations and holds a promising prospect of their milk and meat. Xuyi mountain (XYM) and Haizi (HZ) buffaloes from Yangtze valley comprises of species diversity of Asian water buffaloes. Current multi-omics enables identification of causal genes and elucidation of genetic regulatory mechanisms underlying complex traits in buffaloes.

Effect of Garlic Straw with Silage Corn Stalks on Hu Sheep Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Community In Vitro.

Garlic, an important economic crop, provides nutrient-rich straw. When appropriately balanced with silage corn stalks, it is a high-quality forage resource. However, studies on the impact of garlic straw with silage corn stalks on Hu sheep's digestive metabolism and rumen microbiota are scarce.

Efficient and Specific Generation of -Edited Hu Sheep Using C-CRISPR.

Hu sheep, an indigenous breed in China known for its high fecundity, are being studied to improve their growth and carcass traits. MSTN is a negative regulator of muscle development, and its inactivation results in muscularity. The C-CRISPR system, utilizing multiple neighboring sgRNAs targeting a key exon, has been successfully used to generate genes for complete knockout (KO) monkeys and mice in one step.

miR-27a-3p relieves heat stress-induced mitochondrial damage and aberrant milk protein synthesis through MEK/ERK pathway in BMECs.

With global warming, heat stress has become a primary factor that compromises the health and milk quality of dairy cows. Here, we investigated the function and underlying regulatory mechanism of miR-27a-3p in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) under heat-stress conditions. The current study showed that miR-27a-3p could prevent heat stress-induced BMEC oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage by regulating the balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion processes.

g.8795C>T Mutation Regulates Early Body Weight in Hu Sheep by Weakening miR-139 Binding.

Sheep birth and weaning weights indicate their growth and survival. Thus, identifying molecular genetic markers for early body weight is important in sheep breeding. Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 () is important for regulating birth weight and body length in mammals; however, its relationship with sheep body weight remains unknown.

SIRT4 Expression Ameliorates the Detrimental Effect of Heat Stress via AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway in BMECs.

Sirtuin 4 (SIRT4), a member of the SIRT family, has been reported to be a key factor involved in antioxidant defense in mitochondria. This study aimed to explore the potential molecular mechanism via which SIRT4 regulates heat stress-induced oxidative stress and lactoprotein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Our results showed that SIRT4 was significantly decreased in heat stressed mammary tissue.

Bta-miR-6531 Regulates Calcium Influx in Bovine Leydig Cells and Is Associated with Sperm Motility.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in sperm as the regulatory factors involved in fertility and subsequent early embryonic development. Bta-miR-6531 is specifically a highly enriched miRNA in low-motility sperms in previous study. To investigate the mechanism of bta-miR-6531, 508 shared target genes of bta-miR-6531 were predicted using two miRNA target databases (TargetScan7 and miRWalk).

Depletion of serum-derived exosomes aggravates heat stress-induced damage of bovine mammary epithelial cells.

Background: Exosomes are involved in intercellular communication, affecting many physiological and pathological process. The present study evaluated the effects of serum exosomes on the function of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) and milk synthesis under heat stress.

Methods And Results: We cultured the BMECs in fetal bovine serum (FBS) or exosome-free FBS medium and examined, their viability using CCK-8 kit.

Optimization of bovine embryonic fibroblast feeder layer prepared by Mitomycin C.

Feeder cells play important roles in In-vitro culture of stem cells. However, the preparation protocol of feeder cells produced by bovine embryonic fibroblast cells (bEFs) is still lack. In this study, the preparation of bEF-feeder by Mitomycin C was optimized with different concentrations and treatment time.

Identification and bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed milk exosomal microRNAs in milk exosomes of heat-stressed Holstein cows.

In summer, heat stress is one of the primary reasons for the compromised health and low milk productivity of dairy cows. Hyperthermia affects milk synthesis and secretion in the mammary glands of dairy cows. As molecules for intercellular communication, milk-derived exosomes carry genetic material, proteins, and lipids, playing a crucial role in mammary tissue growth and milk synthesis in dairy cows.

Comparison of MicroRNA Profiles in Extracellular Vesicles from Small and Large Goat Follicular Fluid.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which exist in the follicular fluid of ruminant ovaries, are considered as cargo carriers for the transfer of biomolecules to recipient cells. However, the functions and changes in EVs in antral follicles remain ambiguous. In the present study, we isolated and characterized EVs from goat follicular fluid by means of differential ultracentrifugation and Western blotting of marker proteins.

Introgression, admixture, and selection facilitate genetic adaptation to high-altitude environments in cattle.

Domestication and subsequent selection of cattle to form breeds and biological types that can adapt to different environments partitioned ancestral genetic diversity into distinct modern lineages. Genome-wide selection particularly for adaptation to extreme environments left detectable signatures genome-wide. We used high-density genotype data for 42 cattle breeds and identified the influence of Bos grunniens and Bos javanicus on the formation of Chinese indicine breeds that led to their divergence from India-origin zebu.

Dihydromyricetin attenuates heat stress-induced apoptosis in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells through suppressing mitochondrial dysfunction.

It is well known that the dairy cow production is very sensitive to environmental factors, including high temperature, high humidity and radiant heat sources. High temperature-induced heat stress is the main environmental factor that causes oxidative stress and apoptosis, which affects the development of mammary glands in dairy cows. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a nature flavonoid compound extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata; it has been shown to have various pharmacological functions, such as anti-inflammation, antitumor and liver protection.

S-allyl cysteine ameliorates heat stress-induced oxidative stress by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in BMECs.

Heat stress-induced oxidative stress in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) threatens the normal growth and development of bovine mammary tissue, resulting in lower milk production of dairy cows. The aim of the present study is to investigate the protective effects of S-allyl cysteine (SAC), an organosulfur component extracted from aged garlic, on heat stress-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in BMECs and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that heat stress treatment considerably decreased cell viability, whereas SAC treatment dose-dependently restored cell viability of BMECs under heat-stress conditions.

Time-Delayed Fractional Order Adaptive Sliding Mode Control for Two-Wheel Self-Balancing Vehicles.

In this paper, a time-delayed fractional order adaptive sliding mode control algorithm is proposed for a two-wheel self-balancing vehicle system. The closed-loop system is proved based on the Lyapunov-Razumikhin function. The switching function is designed to make the system robust when facing uncertainties and external disturbances.

Heat stress induces apoptosis through disruption of dynamic mitochondrial networks in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells.

Heat stress-induced reductions in milk yield and the dysfunction of mammary glands are economically important challenges that face the dairy industry, especially during summer. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of heat stress on mitochondrial function by using dairy cow mammary epithelial cells (DCMECs) as an in vitro model. Live cell imaging shows that the mitochondria continually change shape through fission and fusion.

A T > G Mutation in the Gene Is Associated With Litter Size in Hu Sheep Through Upregulation of Promoter Activity by Transcription Factor MTF-1.

Nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 (NR5A2), also referred to as LRH-1 or FTF, is an orphan nuclear hormone receptor that is involved in regulating embryonic development, ovarian granulosa cell differentiation, gonadal sex differentiation, and steroidogenesis in mammals. However, little is known about how regulates reproduction in sheep. In this study, we amplified the promoter sequence of and determined that its core promoter region ranged from -721 nt to -281 nt.

Characterization of miRNA profiles in the mammary tissue of dairy cattle in response to heat stress.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that play important roles in the regulation of gene expression. However, the role of miRNAs in bovine mammary gland responses to heat stress is not well understood.

Results: In the present study, we performed a deep RNA sequencing analysis to identify miRNAs associated with the heat stress potential of the bovine mammary gland.

Association of the expression of Th cytokines with peripheral CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte subsets after vaccination with FMD vaccine in Holstein young sires.

High immune response (HIR) cows have a balanced and robust host defense and lower disease incidence, and immune response is more important to consider for selecting young sires than for selecting cows. The protective immune response against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus infection is T-cell-independent in an animal experimental model. However, there is no convenient method to select young sires with a HIR to FMD virus.

The effect of the SNP g.18475 A>G in the 3'UTR of NCF4 on mastitis susceptibility in dairy cattle.

Neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 (NCF4) is a member of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunit. This protein functions as an essential factor in the host defense against the progression of bacterial infection. To explore the variability of the NCF4 gene and the susceptibility of cows to mastitis, NCF4 functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) and its targeted microRNA (miRNA) were identified.

DNA methylation rather than single nucleotide polymorphisms regulates the production of an aberrant splice variant of IL6R in mastitic cows.

Interleukin-6 receptor-alpha (IL6R) interacts with IL6 and forms a ligand-receptor complex, which can stimulate various cellular responses, such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and activation of inflammatory processes. Both genetic mutation and epigenetic modification regulate gene transcription. We identified a novel splice variant of bovine IL6R, designated as IL6R-TV, which is characterized by the skipping of exon 2 of the NCBI-referenced IL6R gene (IL6R-reference).

Solexa sequencing and custom microRNA chip reveal repertoire of microRNAs in mammary gland of bovine suffering from natural infectious mastitis.

Identification of microRNAs (miRNAs), target genes and regulatory networks associated with innate immune and inflammatory responses and tissue damage is essential to elucidate the molecular and genetic mechanisms for resistance to mastitis. In this study, a combination of Solexa sequencing and custom miRNA chip approaches was used to profile the expression of miRNAs in bovine mammary gland at the late stage of natural infection with Staphylococcus aureus, a widespread mastitis pathogen. We found 383 loci corresponding to 277 known and 49 putative novel miRNAs, two potential mitrons and 266 differentially expressed miRNAs in the healthy and mastitic cows' mammary glands.

Functional SNPs of INCENP Affect Semen Quality by Alternative Splicing Mode and Binding Affinity with the Target Bta-miR-378 in Chinese Holstein Bulls.

Inner centromere protein (INCENP) plays an important role in mitosis and meiosis as the main member of chromosomal passenger protein complex (CPC). To investigate the functional markers of the INCENP gene associated with semen quality, the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) g.19970 A>G and g.