High titer production of gastrodin enabled by systematic refactoring of yeast genome and an antisense-transcriptional regulation toolkit.

Gastrodin, a phenolic glycoside, is a prominent component of Gastrodia elata, which is renowned for its sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotective activities. Engineering heterologous production of plant natural products in microbial host represents a safe, cost-effective, and scalable alternative to plant extraction. Here, we present the construction of an engineered Yarrowia lipolytica yeast that achieves a high-titer production of gastrodin.

Zinc protoporphyrin IX generation by Leuconostoc strains isolated from bulged pasteurized vacuum sliced hams.

The colour of meat typically fades as it decays. However, it has been observed that certain vacuum-packaged spoiled hams can maintain a pink colour even when the packaging is bulged. A large amount of Zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) was found in these hams, compared to fresh red hams or spoiled and grey hams.

Combinatorial metabolic engineering enables high yield production of α-arbutin from sucrose by biocatalysis.

α-Arbutin has been widely used as a skin-whitening ingredient. Previously, we successfully produced α-arbutin via whole-cell biocatalysis and found that the conversion rate of sucrose to α-arbutin was low (~45%). To overcome this issue, herein, we knocked out the genes of enzymes related to the sucrose hydrolysis, including sacB, sacC, levB, and sacA.

Efficient De Novo Biosynthesis of Heme by Membrane Engineering in .

Heme is of great significance in food nutrition and food coloring, and the successful launch of artificial meat has greatly improved the application of heme in meat products. The precursor of heme, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), has a wide range of applications in the agricultural and medical fields, including in the treatment of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, recombinants capable of heme production were developed by metabolic engineering and membrane engineering.

Effect of quercetin and oil water separation system on formation of β-carboline heterocyclic amines during frying process of braised chicken drumsticks.

The effect of quercetin and oil water separation system on the formation of heterocyclic amines (HAs) was investigated during the frying process of braised chicken drumsticks. The results showed that two β-carboline HAs (β-CHAs) were detected in the chicken samples: 9H-pyrido [3,4-b] indole (Norharman) and1-methyl-9H-pyrido [3,4-b] indole (Harman). β-CHAs content in the chicken samples increased as the cycle times of the frying oil rose ( < 0.

Z-scheme CoAl-layereddoublehydroxide/indium vanadate heterojunction for enhanced and highly selective photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide.

Development of efficient photocatalysts is essential for carbon dioxide (CO) photocatalytic reduction. In this study, Z-scheme CoAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH)/indium vanadate (InVO) heterojunction photocatalysts were synthesized using hydrothermal method, and their performance toward CO reduction and mechanism were determined. Results of characterizations showed that the CoAl-LDH/InVO-30 exhibited desired morphology, the most efficient photogenerated carriers separation and charge transfer, and the highest photocurrent response.

Insight into the correlation between microbial diversity and flavor profiles of traditional dry-cured duck from the metabolomic perspective.

The purpose of this work was to reveal the relationship between the microbial diversity and flavor profiles of traditional dry-cured duck from a metabolomic perspective. Enterococcus, Psychrobacter, Macrococcus, Salinivbrio, and Staphylococcus were the dominant bacterial genera, while Trichophyton, Kurtzmaniella, Blumeria, Cladosporium, Lysurus, Aspergillus, Starmerella and Debaryomyces were the dominant fungal genera of dry-cured duck. The results showed that aldehydes, alcohols, furan, and ketone compounds were the main volatile flavor compounds of dry-cured duck.

Constructing a methanol-dependent Bacillus subtilis by engineering the methanol metabolism.

Methanol is a promising green feedstock for producing fuels and chemicals because it is inexpensive, clean, environmentally friendly, and easily prepared. Thus, many studies have been devoted to engineering non-native methylotrophic platform microorganisms to utilize methanol. This study adopted a series of strategies to develop a synthetic methylotrophic Bacillus subtilis that can use methanol as the carbon source, including the heterologous expression of methanol dehydrogenase (Mdh), enhancement of the expressions of 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase (Hps) and 6-phospho-3-hexuloisomerase (Phi), regulation of the expressions of key enzymes at both the translational and transcriptional levels, stabilization of the key enzyme expression through a dual-system for expressing the target genes on both the plasmid and genome, and improvement of the catalytic activity of Mdh with a recycling strategy for NAD.

Combined Effect of High-Pressure Processing with Spice Extracts on Quality of Low-Salt Sausage during Refrigerated Storage.

The study evaluated the combined effect of high-pressure processing (HPP) and spice extracts on low-salt sausages during refrigerated storage. Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the sausages were determined. HPP treatment increased the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value and the carbonyl content of the samples ( < 0.

Improving the functionality of chitosan-based packaging films by crosslinking with nanoencapsulated clove essential oil.

The study aimed to obtain chitosan composite films with gratifying physical and functional properties. First, we developed a Pickering emulsion containing clove essential oil (CEO)-loaded nanoparticles with 1:2 (w/w) zein and sodium caseinate (NaCas). We found that in this ratio, the CEO-loaded zein-NaCas (C/ZN) nanoparticles had smaller particle size, proper polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential as well as higher encapsulation efficiency.

Biocatalytic synthesis of lactosucrose using a recombinant thermostable β-fructofuranosidase from sp. 10138.

As a prebiotics, lactosucrose plays an important role in maintaining human gastrointestinal homeostasis. In this study, a thermostable enzyme from sp. 10138 was screened from six β-fructofuranosidase-producing strains for the lactosucrose production and the coding gene was heterologously expressed in for efficient expression.

Engineering the Substrate Transport and Cofactor Regeneration Systems for Enhancing 2'-Fucosyllactose Synthesis in .

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been proven to be beneficial to infants' intestinal health and immune systems. 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is the most abundant and thoroughly studied HMO and has been approved to be an additive of infant formula. How to construct efficient and safe microbial cell factories for the production of 2'-FL attracts increasing attention.

A fluorescence polarization aptasensor coupled with polymerase chain reaction and streptavidin for chloramphenicol detection.

The authors describe a fluorescence polarization (FP) aptasensor based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and streptavidin as dual FP amplifiers to detect chloramphenicol residues in food. Briefly, label-free aptamer was incubated with chloramphenicol and the aptamer-chloramphenicol conjugate was used as a template. Subsequently, the FAM-labeled forward primer and biotin-labeled reverse primer were added for PCR to amplify the template and the FAM-labeled primer.

Creating an in vivo bifunctional gene expression circuit through an aptamer-based regulatory mechanism for dynamic metabolic engineering in Bacillus subtilis.

Aptamer-based regulatory biosensors can dynamically regulate the expression of target genes in response to ligands and could be used in dynamic metabolic engineering for pathway optimization. However, the existing aptamer-ligand biosensors can only function with non-complementary DNA elements that cannot replicate in growing cells. Here, we construct an aptamer-based synthetic regulatory circuit that can dynamically upregulate and downregulate the expression of target genes in response to the ligand thrombin at transcriptional and translational levels, respectively, and further used this system to dynamically engineer the synthesis of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) in Bacillus subtilis.

Rewiring the Glucose Transportation and Central Metabolic Pathways for Overproduction of N-Acetylglucosamine in Bacillus subtilis.

N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is an important amino sugar extensively used in the healthcare field. In a previous study, the recombinant Bacillus subtilis strain BSGN6-P -glmS-pP43NMK-GNA1 (BN0-GNA1) had been constructed for microbial production of GlcNAc by pathway design and modular optimization. Here, the production of GlcNAc is further improved by rewiring both the glucose transportation and central metabolic pathways.

Inhibition of preadipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis by zinc-α2-glycoprotein treatment in 3T3-L1 cells.

Aims/introduction: Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is associated with the loss of adipose tissue in cancer cachexia, and has recently been proposed to be a candidate factor in the regulation of bodyweight. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of ZAG on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.

Materials And Methods: 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) spectrophotometry, Oil Red O staining, intracellular triglyceride assays, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and transient transfection methods were used to explore the action of ZAG.

Effect of long term glucocorticoid treatment on human growth hormone secretion in children and adolescents and the safety and effectiveness of recombinant human growth hormone treatment.

Objective: Long term glucocorticoid (prednisolone) treatment on human growth hormone (hGH) secretion in children and adolescents and to investigate the effectiveness and safety of the recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment.

Methods: Twelve patients (age: 10.4∓1.

Fatty acid synthase and hormone-sensitive lipase expression in liver are involved in zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein-induced body fat loss in obese mice.

Objective: To explore the effects of zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein (ZAG) on body weight and body fat in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice and the possible mechanism.

Methods: Thirty-six male mice were fed with standard food (SF) (n = 9) and HFD (n = 27), respectively. Five weeks later, 9 mice fed with HFD were subjected to ZAG expression plasmid DNA transfection by liposome transfection method, and another 9 mice to negative control plasmid transfection.

[Construction of Zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein expression plasmid and its expression in 3t3-l1 preadipocytes].

Objective: To construct mouse Zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein (mZAG) eucaryotic expression plasmid and identify its expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.

Methods: The total RNA from mouse liver tissue was extracted. The reverse-transcript(RT)-PCR method was used to amplify the complete domain sequence of mZAG, and the confirmed PCR products was inserted into expression plasmid by DNA ligation.

[Effect of bodyweight on the onset of puberty of female children and adolescents].

Objective: To investigate the possible effects and roles of bodyweight on the puberty onset in adolescent girls.

Methods: Totally 288 Chinese female children and adolescent girls aged 5 to 16 were followed up yearly for four consecutive years. The height, bodyweight, fat percentage, sexual characteristics, and the serum levels of leptin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were studied to analyze the influential factors of puberty onset and age of menarche.

[Activin inhibits the promoter activity of human growth hormone gene in rat pituitary GH3 cells].

The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of activin on the activity of human growth hormone (hGH) gene promoter in rat pituitary GH3 cells and the underlying molecular mechanism. The method of luciferase reporter gene was used. We firstly established a stable GH3 cell line which contains hGH gene promoter (-484 to 30 bp) and luciferase reporter gene by transfecting pGL3-484-Luc2 luciferase expression plasmid into GH3 cells using Lipofectamine transfection reagent.

Effect of interleukin-1 beta on growth hormone gene expression and its possible molecular mechanism in rat MtT/S somatotroph cells.

Objective: To elucidate the effect of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) on human growth hormone (hGH) gene expression in a rat somatotropic pituitary cell line MtT/S.

Methods: Stably transfected MtT/S cells were firstly established by transfecting 484-Luc1 plasmid which contained hGH gene promoter -484 to +30 bp and luciferase reporter gene. The effect of IL-1 beta on hGH gene expression was determined by assaying the luciferase activities.

Mek and p38 MAPK-dependant pathways are involoved in the positive effect of interleukin-6 on human growth hormone gene expression in rat MtT/S somatotroph cells.

Objective: To investigate the effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6) on the human growth hormone (hGH) gene expression in a rat somatotropic pituitary cell line MtT/S.

Methods: The plasmids containing various lengths of hGH gene 5'-promoter fragments were constructed. Stably transfected MtT/S cells were created by cotransfecting the above plasmids and pcDNA3.

[The survey of puberty timing in healthy boys in Daqing city in northern China].

Objective: To investigate the puberty timing in healthy adolescent boys in Daqing city in northern China.

Methods: A cross-sectional and longitudinal combined survey was performed. On 150 male students aged 6-15.